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节水农业的中心问题是提高降水和灌水的利用效率，用水有效性无疑成为判断各种节水措施效果与潜力的标准。但用水有效性是一个相对概念，节水农业的标准也是比较型的，是与纵向和横向比较而言的，是可变的。随着科技的不断进步，节水措施的标准应该由有效用水向高效用水发展。
The central issue of water-saving agriculture is to improve the efficiency of precipitation and irrigation. The effectiveness of water use is undoubtedly the standard to judge the effect and potential of various water-saving measures. However, the effectiveness of water use is a relative concept. The standard of water-saving agriculture is comparatively more horizontal and variable compared to vertical and horizontal. With the continuous improvement of science and technology, the standard of water-saving measures should be developed from effective water to high-efficiency water.