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目的分析洞口县疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)特征,评价监测系统运行情况及疫苗接种的安全性。方法用描述流行病学方法分析洞口县2012—2015年AEFI监测数据。结果洞口县2012—2015年共报告AEFI病例202例,其中一般反应占95.0%、异常反应占3.0%、偶合症占1.5%、心因性反应占0.5%;AEFI发生率19.63/10万剂。接种的23种疫苗均涉及,其中一类疫苗占78.2%、二类疫苗占21.8%;报告数占比前3位是无细胞百白破疫苗(21.8%)、麻风疫苗(13.4%)和乙脑减毒活疫苗(12.9%);发生率前3位是麻风疫苗(47.28/10万剂)、乙脑减毒活疫苗(33.72/10万剂)和麻腮风疫苗(26.20/10万剂)。报告病例覆盖82.6%的乡镇,75.7%的发生在<3岁的儿童,82.2%发生在接种24h内,53.0%在接种第1剂次。结论洞口县AEFI监测系统运转正常,接种疫苗的安全性在可接受范围,但仍需加强督导和培训,提高监测覆盖率。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of suspected anonymous immunization (AEFI) in Dongkou County and to evaluate the operation of monitoring system and the safety of vaccination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze AEFI monitoring data from 2012 to 2015 in Dongkou County. Results A total of 202 AEFI cases were reported in Dongkou County during 2012-2015, of which 95.0% were general reactions, 3.0% were abnormal reactions, 1.5% were coupled diseases and 0.5% were cardiorespiratory reactions. The incidence of AEFI was 19.63 / 10 000 doses. Of the 23 vaccinated vaccines, 78.2% were vaccines of one type and 21.8% were vaccines of the second type; the top three reported vaccines were acellular diphtheriae vaccine (21.8%), leprosy vaccines (13.4%) and B Live attenuated live attenuated vaccine (12.9%); the first three cases were leprosy vaccine (47.28 / 10 000), live attenuated JE vaccine (33.72 / 10 000) and MMR vaccine ). Reported cases covered 82.6% of townships, 75.7% occurred in children <3 years of age, 82.2% occurred within 24h of inoculation and 53.0% of the first dose. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in Dongkou County is in normal operation and the safety of vaccination is within the acceptable range. However, supervision and training still need to be strengthened to improve monitoring coverage.