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中国和印度是世界上两个最早冶炼锌的国家。印度拉贾斯坦邦阿拉瓦利山区扎瓦尔(Zawar)铅锌矿区近年发现公元12～19世纪大规模炼锌遗址,出上有目前世界最早的锌冶金遗物。中国还没有发现早期炼锌遗址。有学者认为北宋铸钱使用的“黑锡”就是锌,但未成定论。因此有印度学者提出中国炼锌技术是从印度传入的。 从明朝末年宋应星的《天工开物》的记载和近现代传统炼锌业的实践看,中国和印度的古代炼锌技术在矿石、反应罐、燃料、及反应机理等方面有明显的不同。
China and India are among the first countries in the world to smelt zinc. In the Zawar lead-zinc mine in Aravali, Rajasthan, India, large-scale zinc smelting sites dating back to the 12th to 19th centuries have been discovered in recent years and the world’s earliest zinc metallurgical relics are currently on display. China has not found early zinc smelting sites. Some scholars think that the use of “black tin” for making money in the Northern Song Dynasty is zinc, but it has not been finalized. Therefore, an Indian scholar proposed that China’s zinc smelting technology was imported from India. According to the record of “Heavenly Creations” of Song Yingxing in the late Ming Dynasty and the practices of the traditional modern zinc refining industry in the late Ming Dynasty, the ancient zinc-smelting technologies in China and India are obviously different in ore, reaction tank, fuel, and reaction mechanism .