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通过田间试验研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对砂田西瓜产量、品质及氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响.结果表明:基肥氮过低或过高均不利于砂田西瓜苗期生长,伸蔓期或膨果期不施氮肥则限制了西瓜“源”或“库”的形成,在相同的施氮量水平下,T4(30%基肥+30%伸蔓肥+40%膨瓜肥)和T6[100%基肥+长效复合肥添加剂(NAM)]处理较传统施肥模式T1(30%基肥+70%伸蔓肥)西瓜坐果后茎叶干物质和氮素积累量显著降低,而果实干物质和氮素积累量显著增加.其中,T4处理的氮素运转率和氮素贡献率分别达到33.6%和12.0%,T4和T6处理的氮素收获指数、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率较传统施肥模式T1分别显著提高14.1%和12.7%、11.6%和12.5%、5.3%和8.7%.T4和T6处理较T1西瓜分别增产11.6%和12.5%,可溶性糖含量分别显著提高16.5%和11.7%,有效酸度分别提高4.5%和2.8%,糖酸比分别提高19.4%和13.4%,Vc含量分别提高35.6%和19.0%.因此,T4和T6处理为砂田西瓜高产优质的较优氮肥运筹模式,若减轻砂田施肥难度,延长砂田使用年限,可采用100%基肥+NAM(T6)的施肥方式.
The effects of different N application manners on the yield and quality of watermelon and the accumulation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter in the field were studied by field experiments.The results showed that the low or high basal nitrogen was not conducive to the growth of watermelon at seedling stage, In the same period of nitrogen application, T4 (30% basal fertilizer + 30% Agaricus blazei + 40% bulking melon) did not affect the formation of watermelon “source” or " ) And T6 [100% basal fertilizer + long-acting compound fertilizer additive (NAM)] significantly decreased the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves of watermelon, compared with the conventional fertilization mode T1 (30% basal fertilizer + 70% Fruit dry matter and nitrogen accumulation increased significantly, among which, nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen contribution rate of T4 treatment reached 33.6% and 12.0% respectively, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T4 and T6 treatments Which were significantly increased by 14.1% and 12.7%, 11.6% and 12.5%, 5.3% and 8.7% respectively compared with the traditional fertilization mode T1.The soluble sugar content increased significantly by 16.5% and 11.6% and 12.5% 11.7%, respectively. The effective acidity increased by 4.5% and 2.8% respectively, and the ratio of sugar to acid increased by 19.4% and 13.4%, Vc content increased by 35.6% and 19.0% respectively. Here, T4 and T6 treatment for the yield and quality of watermelon sands Jiaoyou Nitrogen Management, if fertilization Sunada reduce difficulty, Sunada extended useful life, can be 100% of basal + NAM (T6) fertilization method.