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一、前言为防止自然灾害,丰富社会生活,以调洪、给水、工业用水、灌溉、发电为目的,在各地建造了许多水坝。在这些水坝中,就建设省所管辖的坝来看,于1980年已经投产的坝中,重力式混凝上坝有192座,约占全部坝的70％。此外,从坝体体积来看,小型坝占多数,特别是坝体体积在20万立方米以下的坝占绝大多数。小型坝也有建造在城市近郊等人口稠密地区的,这就必须充分注意施工,以保护自然环境和社会环境。另外,由于规模小,还必须考虑包括经济效率在内的合理化建坝问题。建设
I. Preface To prevent natural disasters and enrich social life, many dams have been built around flood control, water supply, industrial water use, irrigation and electricity generation. Among these dams, in terms of dams under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Construction, there are 192 dams on gravity that have been put into operation in 1980, accounting for about 70% of the total dams. In addition, from the dam body size, the small dam accounted for the majority, especially the dam volume of 200,000 cubic meters below the majority of dams. Small dams have also been built in densely populated areas such as in the suburbs of cities, which must give full attention to construction in order to protect the natural environment and social environment. In addition, due to the small size, we must also consider the rationalization of dam construction including economic efficiency. Construction