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在领土主权与海域划界争端中,地图的证据作用不容忽视。目前国际法中缺少关于地图证明效力的明确规定,梳理相关国际司法判例、仲裁裁决以及学术著作可被视为研究地图证明效力的辅助手段。从国家实践与国际司法实践可以看出,地图证明材料可分为认证地图、例示地图和单独发行的官方/非官方地图。不同类型的地图具有不同的证据能力和证明力,地图的多种证据功能在国际诉讼中交互存在。国际司法机构在衡量地图证据时,并无单一固定模式,而是结合其他证据材料,审查是否能够相互印证形成优势证据。
In the dispute between territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation, the evidence of the map can not be ignored. At present, there is a lack of explicit provisions in international law on the validity of map certification. Combining relevant international judicial precedents, arbitral awards and academic writings can be regarded as an aid to studying the effectiveness of maps. As can be seen from the practice of the State and international judicial practice, the map certification materials can be divided into certification maps, sample maps and separate official / unofficial maps. Different types of maps have different levels of evidence and evidence, and the multiple evidence functions of the map interact in international litigation. When assessing map evidence, the international judicial institutions do not have a single fixed model. Instead, they combine other evidence to examine whether they can confirm each other’s evidence of superiority.