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胎儿发育异常也可引起难产,如巨大胎儿及胎儿畸形可导致梗阻性难产,兹将胎体增大而发生难产各种原因,分述如下。胎儿发育异常的分类一、胎儿全身过大:①胎儿过度发育如巨大胎儿.②胎儿病变如胎儿水肿,胎儿软骨发育不全症,先天性甲状腺功能不足症等。二、胎儿局部增大:①头部增大如脑积水,脑膜膨出,脑膨出。②颈部增大如先天性甲状腺肿,甲状腺畸胎瘤。③肩部增大如糖尿病巨大胎儿肩幅宽阔,肩部肿瘤。④胸部增大如胸水,肿瘤。⑤腹部增大如腹水,尿潴留,多囊肾,腹腔肿瘤。⑥臀部增大,如骶骨肿瘤。三、联体畸形:①相等联体双胎畸形,如相等纵
Fetal dysplasia can also cause dystocia, such as a huge fetus and fetal malformations can lead to obstructive dystocia, the carcass will increase the occurrence of dystocia for various reasons, are described below. Fetal dysplasia classification First, the fetus is too large: ① excessive development of the fetus such as a huge fetus ② fetal diseases such as fetal edema, fetal achondroplasia, congenital hypothyroidism and so on. Second, the local enlargement of the fetus: ① increased head, such as hydrocephalus, meninges, encephalocele. ② neck enlargement such as congenital goiter, thyroid teratoma. Â ’¢ shoulder such as diabetes, a huge fetus shoulder width, shoulder tumor. ④ increased chest, such as pleural effusion, tumor. ⑤ increased abdomen ascites, urinary retention, polycystic kidney disease, abdominal tumor. ⑥ increase the buttocks, such as sacral tumors. Third, deformity conjunctiva: ① equal conjoint twin deformities, such as the same vertical