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目的了解南阳市宛城区手足口病疫情的流行病学及病原学情况,为疫情控制及病例治疗提供可靠的实验室依据。方法从临床诊断为手足口病的856例病例中,选较重的57例粪便标本,提取核酸后分别采用总肠道病毒、EV71和CA16型的特异引物进行RT-PCR检测。结果手足口病发生集中在人口密集地区;发病人群为散居和幼托儿童;年龄为3岁以下居多,男性多于女性;4～5月份为发病高峰季节。病原以EV71为主,总肠道病毒阳性率为87.72%,EV71阳性率77.19%,CA16阳性率为10.53%。结论手足口病的发生有明显的年龄、性别、季节特征。EV71是引起儿童手足口病的主要病原体。开展手足口病病原体的检测和流行病学研究,有助于更好地采取预防和控制措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiology and etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in Wancheng District of Nanyang City and provide a reliable laboratory evidence for the control of epidemic situation and the treatment of cases. Methods From 856 cases diagnosed as hand-foot-mouth disease clinically, 57 cases of severe stool specimens were selected. After total RNA was extracted, specific primers of total enterovirus, EV71 and CA16 were used for RT-PCR. Results The incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease concentrated in densely populated areas; the incidence of diarrhea and preschool child care; age below 3 years of age, mostly men than women; 4 to 5 months for the peak season. The main pathogen was EV71, the positive rate of total enterovirus was 87.72%, the positive rate of EV71 was 77.19%, and the positive rate of CA16 was 10.53%. Conclusion HFMD has obvious age, gender and seasonal features. EV71 is the major cause of hand, foot and mouth disease in children. Testing and epidemiological studies of hand-foot-mouth-disease pathogens are helping to better implement prevention and control measures.