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目的了解泉州市学生肺结核发病特征及治疗转归,为制定肺结核防控措施提供依据。方法收集并分析2008—2012年学生肺结核发病资料。结果泉州市2008—2012年共登记681例,学生肺结核患者年均登记率(11.36/10万)逐年增加,2012年出现下降。5年来,学生活动性肺结核登记率和新涂阳肺结核登记率均低于全人群。学生肺结核发病95.6%集中在16~21岁,大多在高中和大学阶段;发病性别比1.4∶1。患者75.6%为本地户籍,有56.4%为转诊。有56.6%完成疗程,39.2%治愈,失败、诊断变更和非结核死亡各1例。学生涂阳患者治愈率高于全人群涂阳治愈率;涂阴患者完成疗程率高于全人群涂阴患者。结论学校肺结核控制的关键是早发现和治愈病人,特别在中学和大学阶段,应采取多种措施继续加强学校肺结核的防控。
Objective To understand the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcome of students in Quanzhou and provide evidence for the development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures. Methods Collecting and analyzing data of tuberculosis incidence among students during 2008-2012. Results A total of 681 cases were enrolled in Quanzhou from 2008 to 2012. The average annual enrollment rate of students with tuberculosis (11.36 / 100000) increased year by year and decreased in 2012. In the past five years, the enrollment rates of active pulmonary tuberculosis and new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in students have dropped below the whole population. Students 95.6% of tuberculosis incidence concentrated in 16 to 21 years old, mostly in high school and university stage; incidence of sex ratio 1.4: 1. 75.6% of patients were local residents and 56.4% were referrals. 56.6% completed the course of treatment, 39.2% cured, failed, diagnosis change and non-tuberculosis death in 1 case. The cure rate of smear-positive students is higher than the cure rate of smear-positive smears in the whole population. The cure rate of smear-negative patients is higher than that of smear-negative patients in the whole population. Conclusion The key to TB control in schools is early detection and cure of patients, especially in middle school and university. Various measures should be taken to further strengthen the prevention and control of TB in schools.