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本文介绍了一种简便的模拟降雨机,它由装有下喷锥形喷嘴的单独直立式喷洒装置构成。模拟降雨的下喷高度4.57m,水压力67kPa,中数直径2.40mm。两台降雨机的总喷洒面积为2×2.5 m。雨强为72.4 mm/h,总能量为0.57J/m~2/s,约等于等量天然降雨能量的90％。为便于模拟地表径流,设计了一种穿有排孔的溢流管;通过变换供水压力,地表模拟径流可以简便精确地得以调节控制。在Arizona南部的野外试验中,使用19mm管可产生572～1 400 cm~3/s的径流率。由于这种模拟降雨机与径流模拟系统价格低廉,简便易运,它们将在地貌环境研究的各个领域被广泛应用。
This article describes a simple analogue rainfall machine that consists of a single stand-up sprinkler equipped with a down-spray conical nozzle. Simulated rainfall spray height 4.57m, water pressure 67kPa, the median diameter of 2.40mm. The total spray area of the two rainfall machines is 2 × 2.5 m. The rain intensity is 72.4 mm / h and the total energy is 0.57 J / m ~ 2 / s, which is equal to 90% of the natural rainfall energy of the same amount. In order to simulate surface runoff, a perforated overflow pipe was designed. By changing the pressure of water supply, surface runoff simulation can be easily and accurately adjusted and controlled. In the field trials in the southern Arizona, the use of 19 mm tubes resulted in a runoff of 572 to 1400 cm -3 / s. Due to their low cost and ease of transport, this simulated rainfall and runoff simulation system will be widely used in various fields of geomorphological research.