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新生儿窒息系指胎儿娩出后,仅有心跳而无呼吸的一种缺氧状态。出生后1分钟Apgar 评分0～3分者为重度(苍白)窒息,Apgar 评分为4～7分者为轻度(青紫)窒息。重症者常是新生儿死亡的主要原因之一。据1983年北京市内24所医院统计,新生儿窒息占新生儿死亡原因的25.4%。新生儿窒息经过积极抢救,大部分患儿虽挽救了生命,但窒息时间长者,由于长时间缺氧,脑组织受损而发生永久性中枢神经系统后遗症,如脑性瘫痪、智力低下、癫痫及肌张力亢进等,有时也可影响视力、听力,造成语言发育障碍,而致终身残废。因此预防新生儿窒息应是围产保健的一项极其重要的工作。
Neonatal asphyxia refers to an anoxic condition in which the fetus is delivered only with a heartbeat and without breathing. Apgar score of 1 to 3 minutes after birth was severe (pale) asphyxia, Apgar score of 4 to 7 were mild (cyanosis) suffocation. Severe cases are often one of the major causes of neonatal death. According to the statistics of 24 hospitals in Beijing in 1983, neonatal asphyxia accounts for 25.4% of neonatal deaths. Newborn asphyxia undergoes active rescue. Although most children have saved their lives, the elderly with asphyxia have permanent central nervous system sequelae such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy due to prolonged hypoxia and brain damage. And hyperthyroidism, etc., and sometimes can affect vision, hearing, resulting in language development disorders, resulting in life-long disabled. Therefore, preventing neonatal asphyxia should be an extremely important task in perinatal care.