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近年来中国南方地区的季节性干旱频繁发生,对当地越冬作物造成严重影响.本文基于中国南方地区268个气象站点1959—2009年的地面气象观测资料,以作物水分亏缺指数为指标,分析了中国南方地区越冬作物冬小麦和油菜的季节性干旱时空特征.结果表明:对于中国南方地区而言,西南、淮北和华南部分地区的越冬作物在生育阶段内易发生干旱.在长江中下游地区,冬小麦在生育中后期的干旱发生范围和强度增加,且随着生育期后移,其干旱越加严重;油菜在冬前生育阶段和生育后期的干旱发生范围和强度呈增加趋势.在西南地区,冬小麦和油菜在冬前生育期的干旱发生范围和强度均显著增加.20世纪90年代初以来,研究区域冬小麦和油菜在生育阶段中后期发生干旱的范围和强度都增加.
In recent years, seasonal drought in southern China frequently occurs, which has a serious impact on the local winter crops.According to the ground meteorological observations of 268 meteorological stations in South China from 1959 to 2009, taking the crop water deficit index as an index, Seasonal drought characteristics of overwintering winter wheat and rapeseed in southern China.The results showed that overwintering crops in southwestern, northern part of Huaibei and southern part of China were prone to drought during the reproductive stage in southern China.Within the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, winter wheat The drought range and intensity increased in later growth period, and its drought became more and more serious with the later growth period. The range and intensity of drought in rape before the winter growth stage and in later growth period showed an increasing trend.In the southwestern region, winter wheat And rape before the winter growth period of the drought occurred in the scope and intensity were significantly increased.First of the 20th century since the early 1990s, the study area of winter wheat and rape in the growth stage of the mid-late stage of drought and intensity increased.