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目的了解粤东山区农村初中生膳食营养现状,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用随机分层整群抽样法,对1 083名粤东山区农村初中生进行连续3个学期、每学期连续5 d的膳食营养监测,同时进行血红蛋白含量测定、4 h尿负荷试验等。结果学生平均摄入能量超过推荐供给量(RNI),100%的学生能量摄入达到RNI;营养素供能比例基本合理,维生素B1、维生素C、铁、磷、锌等摄入充足,但钙、维生素B2、脂肪及早餐能量摄入不足;不同性别学生血红蛋白水平差异有统计学意义,男、女贫血分别为11.74%,16.67%。结论粤东山区农村初中生营养状况较好,膳食结构基本合理,但学校食堂在科学、合理配料和烹调等方面差距较大,应加强营养指导和干预。
Objective To understand the nutrition status of rural middle school students in mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong and provide the basis for formulating intervention measures. Methods A total of 1,083 rural middle school students in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province were enrolled in this study for 3 consecutive semesters and 5 consecutive days of dietary nutrition monitoring. The hemoglobin content and 4-hour urinary load were also tested. Results The students ’average intake of energy exceeded the recommended supply (RNI), and 100% of the students’ energy intake reached the RNI. The ratio of nutrient supply to energy was basically reasonable, and enough intake of vitamin B1, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus and zinc, Vitamin B2, fat and energy intake of breakfast were not enough. The differences of hemoglobin level among different sexes were statistically significant. The male and female anemia were 11.74% and 16.67% respectively. Conclusion The nutritional status of junior middle school students in mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong is good and the dietary structure is basically reasonable. However, there is a big gap in science, reasonable ingredients and cooking among school canteens. Nutritional guidance and intervention should be strengthened.