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目的观察碘缺乏、铁缺乏以及碘铁联合缺乏对大鼠甲状腺功能及定量形态学的影响,为缺铁地区防治碘缺乏病提供新的思路和方法。方法 SPF/VAF级初断乳SD雄性大鼠48只,按体重随机分为对照组、碘缺乏组、铁缺乏组和碘铁联合缺乏组,每组各12只。通过饲料控制各组大鼠碘、铁摄入量,自由饮用去离子水。喂养8周后测定尿碘浓度;称取大鼠体重及甲状腺重量,计算甲状腺脏器系数;生化法检测全血血红蛋白;化学发光免疫分析法测定血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。甲状腺经HE染色后光镜下观察,应用MIAS-2000型图像分析系统测量甲状腺滤泡平均直径、平均表面积、平均体积、体积密度、表面积密度、比表面积、数密度、球形因子等体视学指标。结果碘缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组大鼠尿碘中位数低于对照组、铁缺乏组(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,碘缺乏组和碘铁联合缺乏组大鼠甲状腺重量和脏器系数均增大,铁缺乏组体重下降、甲状腺脏器系数增大(P<0.05)。铁缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组全血血红蛋白低于对照组、碘缺乏组(P<0.05),铁缺乏组低于碘铁联合缺乏组(P<0.05)。碘缺乏组FT3高于对照组、铁缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组(P<0.05),碘铁联合缺乏组FT3低于碘缺乏组、高于铁缺乏组(P<0.05);FT4水平在对照组、铁缺乏组、碘缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组依次降低(P<0.05);碘缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组TSH高于对照组、铁缺乏组(P<0.05)。碘缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组甲状腺充血肿大、滤泡上皮细胞增生,铁缺乏组甲状腺略显苍白、滤泡上皮细胞无明显改变;碘缺乏组、碘铁联合缺乏组甲状腺滤泡平均直径、平均表面积、平均体积低于对照组,而表面积密度、比表面积、数密度高于对照组(P<0.05),铁缺乏组甲状腺滤泡体积密度大于碘缺乏组(P<0.05)。结论碘缺乏和铁缺乏均可降低甲状腺功能,前者作用较强,两者联合作用可增强效应;碘缺乏可引起小滤泡增生性甲状腺肿、胶质减少甚至缺如,铁缺乏对甲状腺形态学影响不明显。
Objective To observe the effects of iodine deficiency, iron deficiency and deficiency of iodine and iron on thyroid function and quantitative morphology in rats, and to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in iron deficiency areas. Methods 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats with SPF / VAF grade were randomly divided into control group, iodine deficiency group, iron deficiency group and iodine-iron deficiency group, 12 rats in each group. Through the feed control of rats in each group of iodine, iron intake, free to drink deionized water. After 8 weeks of feeding, the urinary iodine concentration was measured. Weight and thyroid weight were weighed and the thyroid organ coefficient was calculated. The whole blood hemoglobin was detected by biochemical method. The level of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. The thyroid gland was stained by HE and observed under light microscope. The average diameter, average surface area, average volume, bulk density, surface area density, specific surface area, number density and spherical factor of thyroid follicles were measured by MIAS-2000 image analysis system. . Results The median urinary iodine in iodine deficiency group and iodine deficiency combined group was lower than that in control group and iron deficiency group (P <0.01). Compared with the control group, thyroid weight and organ coefficient of rats in iodine deficiency group and iodine-iron deficiency group increased, body weight of iron deficiency group increased and thyroid organ coefficient increased (P <0.05). In the iron-deficient group, the hemoglobin of whole blood in the combined iodine-iron deficiency group was lower than that in the control group and the iodine deficiency group (P <0.05), while the iron deficient group was lower than the combined iodine and iron deficiency group (P <0.05). FT3 in iodine deficiency group was higher than that in control group, iron deficiency group and iodine-iron combined deficiency group (P <0.05), FT3 in iodine-iron deficiency group was lower than that in iodine deficiency group, and higher than that in iron deficiency group (P <0.05) The levels of TSH in control group, iron deficiency group, iodine deficiency group and iodine-iron combined deficiency group were decreased (P <0.05). The TSH in iodine deficiency group and iodine-iron combined deficiency group were higher than those in control group and iron deficiency group (P <0.05). Iodine deficiency group, Iodine deficiency combined group of thyroid hyperemia, follicular epithelial cell hyperplasia, iron deficiency group thyroid slightly pale, follicular epithelial cells no significant change; iodine deficiency group, iodine deficiency combined group thyroid follicular mean diameter (P <0.05). The volume density of thyroid follicles in iron deficient group was higher than that of iodine deficiency group (P <0.05). The mean surface area and average volume were lower than those of control group, but the surface area density, specific surface area and number density were higher than those of control group. Conclusions Both iodine deficiency and iron deficiency can reduce thyroid function. The former has a strong effect and the combination of the two can enhance the effect. Iodine deficiency can cause small follicular hyperplastic goiter, or even lack of glia. Depletion of iron has no effect on thyroid morphology The effect is not obvious.