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摘 要：NBA“位置模糊”球员的年龄、身高要优于世界优秀男子篮球运动员，而体重和克托莱指数却与世界优秀男子篮球运动员相当；东西部赛区“位置模糊”球员在年龄上差异具有显著性意义，东部大于西部，在身高、体重、克托莱指数上差异不具有显著性意义；在后卫/前锋位置上东西赛区在体重上差异具有显著性意义，东部明显大于西部，其他3项指标上差异不具有显著性意义，而在前锋/中锋位置上东西赛区在4个指标上差异都不具有显著性意义；为了适应现代篮球“位置模糊”的发展趋势，应注重年龄在25~34岁、身高在196~205 cm、体重在95~105 kg、克托莱指数在530以下的后卫/前锋运动员和年龄在20~29岁、身高在206 cm以上、体重在106~115 kg、克托莱指数在530以上的前锋/中锋运动员的培养。
关键词：美国篮球职业联赛；位置模糊；年龄；身体形态
中图分类号：G841文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2008)09-0093-04
Analysis of characteristics of the age and figure of "position ambiguous"
NBA players
WANG Lei1；YAO Ying-xiang2
（1.College of physical education，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China；
2.Centre of Art and Physical Education，Huzhou Polytechnic，Huzhou 313000，China）
Abstract: The age and height of "position ambiguous" NBA players are superior to the same of world excellent male basketball players, while their weight and Ketuolai index are basically equivalent to the trend of development of world excellent male basketball players; there is a significant difference only in terms of age between "position ambiguous" players in eastern and western game zones: the age of players in the eastern game zone is older than the age of players in the western game zone; there is no significant difference in terms of height, weight and Ketuolai index; there is a significant difference only in terms of weight between real guard/vanguard position players in eastern and western game zones: the weight of such players in the eastern game zone is significantly heavier than the weight of such players in the western game zone; there is no significant difference in other 3 indexes; there is no significant difference in the 4 indexes between vanguard/center position players in eastern and western game zones; in order to adapt to the trend of development of "position ambiguous" modern basketball players, China should pay attention to the cultivation of rear guard/vanguard position players with an age between 25 and 34, a height between 196 and 205cm, a weight between 95 and 105kg, and a Ketuolai index below 530, as well as vanguard/center position players with an age between 20 and 29, a height above 206cm, a weight between 106 and 115kg, and a Ketuolai index below 530, so as to make a number of excellent "position ambiguous" players for China.
Key words: NBA；position ambiguous；age；figure
“模糊”是一种数学术语，《数学辞海》认为，模糊主要是指客观事物的差异存在中介过渡时，所呈现的一种划分上的不确定性。按照“项群训练理论”划分,“位置模糊”是技能主导类同场对抗性项目的共性特征，“位置模糊”是指在技能主导类同场对抗性项目比赛中运动员自身及相互间位置的不确定性[1]。在篮球运动中，“位置模糊”球员主要是指在球场上打破传统的位置意识、技术与职责，同时具备两个或两个以上不同位置的攻守职能的球员。作为代表世界篮球运动最高水平的NBA，也成为“位置模糊”打法的先行者。
本研究以2007-2008赛季NBA30支球队，74名后卫/前锋和前锋/中锋现役球员(NBA官方网站在数据统计中已对球员位置进行了分类，但目前极少有后卫/中锋这一模糊位置的球员资料)为研究对象，以各运动员年龄、身高、体重、克托莱指数4项基本参数作为本研究原始数据资料。研究对NBA“位置模糊”球员的年龄、身高、体重与克托莱指数进行分析研究，找出世界顶级篮球赛事中“位置模糊”球员的年龄及身体形态的参数，把握篮球运动员“位置模糊”的发展趋势。
1NBA“位置模糊”球员人数
2007-2008 NBA赛季30支球队365名现役球员中共有“位置模糊”球员74人，占到总球员数的20.1%，其中后卫/前锋球员42人，东部赛区22人，西部赛区20人；前锋/中锋球员32人，东部赛区18人，西部赛区14人。在74名“位置模糊”球员中，后卫/前锋球员居多，共有42人，占到“位置模糊”球员的56.8%。这也说明NBA联盟中优秀中锋较为紧缺，后卫人才较为充足，所以，NBA不得不从国外引进一批优秀的中锋或前锋运动员，比如我国的姚明、王治郅、巴特尔、易建联，以维持联盟竞技实力各个位置的的整体平衡性,这与NBA发展现状基本吻合。
关键词：美国篮球职业联赛；位置模糊；年龄；身体形态
中图分类号：G841文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2008)09-0093-04
Analysis of characteristics of the age and figure of "position ambiguous"
NBA players
WANG Lei1；YAO Ying-xiang2
（1.College of physical education，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China；
2.Centre of Art and Physical Education，Huzhou Polytechnic，Huzhou 313000，China）
Abstract: The age and height of "position ambiguous" NBA players are superior to the same of world excellent male basketball players, while their weight and Ketuolai index are basically equivalent to the trend of development of world excellent male basketball players; there is a significant difference only in terms of age between "position ambiguous" players in eastern and western game zones: the age of players in the eastern game zone is older than the age of players in the western game zone; there is no significant difference in terms of height, weight and Ketuolai index; there is a significant difference only in terms of weight between real guard/vanguard position players in eastern and western game zones: the weight of such players in the eastern game zone is significantly heavier than the weight of such players in the western game zone; there is no significant difference in other 3 indexes; there is no significant difference in the 4 indexes between vanguard/center position players in eastern and western game zones; in order to adapt to the trend of development of "position ambiguous" modern basketball players, China should pay attention to the cultivation of rear guard/vanguard position players with an age between 25 and 34, a height between 196 and 205cm, a weight between 95 and 105kg, and a Ketuolai index below 530, as well as vanguard/center position players with an age between 20 and 29, a height above 206cm, a weight between 106 and 115kg, and a Ketuolai index below 530, so as to make a number of excellent "position ambiguous" players for China.
Key words: NBA；position ambiguous；age；figure
“模糊”是一种数学术语，《数学辞海》认为，模糊主要是指客观事物的差异存在中介过渡时，所呈现的一种划分上的不确定性。按照“项群训练理论”划分,“位置模糊”是技能主导类同场对抗性项目的共性特征，“位置模糊”是指在技能主导类同场对抗性项目比赛中运动员自身及相互间位置的不确定性[1]。在篮球运动中，“位置模糊”球员主要是指在球场上打破传统的位置意识、技术与职责，同时具备两个或两个以上不同位置的攻守职能的球员。作为代表世界篮球运动最高水平的NBA，也成为“位置模糊”打法的先行者。
本研究以2007-2008赛季NBA30支球队，74名后卫/前锋和前锋/中锋现役球员(NBA官方网站在数据统计中已对球员位置进行了分类，但目前极少有后卫/中锋这一模糊位置的球员资料)为研究对象，以各运动员年龄、身高、体重、克托莱指数4项基本参数作为本研究原始数据资料。研究对NBA“位置模糊”球员的年龄、身高、体重与克托莱指数进行分析研究，找出世界顶级篮球赛事中“位置模糊”球员的年龄及身体形态的参数，把握篮球运动员“位置模糊”的发展趋势。
1NBA“位置模糊”球员人数
2007-2008 NBA赛季30支球队365名现役球员中共有“位置模糊”球员74人，占到总球员数的20.1%，其中后卫/前锋球员42人，东部赛区22人，西部赛区20人；前锋/中锋球员32人，东部赛区18人，西部赛区14人。在74名“位置模糊”球员中，后卫/前锋球员居多，共有42人，占到“位置模糊”球员的56.8%。这也说明NBA联盟中优秀中锋较为紧缺，后卫人才较为充足，所以，NBA不得不从国外引进一批优秀的中锋或前锋运动员，比如我国的姚明、王治郅、巴特尔、易建联，以维持联盟竞技实力各个位置的的整体平衡性,这与NBA发展现状基本吻合。