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目的通过对中学生进行麻风病团体检查和健康教育,提高学生对麻风病基本知识的知晓率,及时在学生中发现疑似(线索)病例。方法采用整群抽样调查,对中学生进行麻风病知识讲座、发放宣传资料和张贴宣传画等教育形式,并对所有教育对象进行麻风病早期症状检查,同时,下发自制的调查问卷获取干预前、后中学生麻风病的相关知识及态度。结果中学生在健康教育前曾听说过或见到过麻风病的只占总数的25.96%,绝大多数中学生(92.03%)认为需要在中学开展麻风病团体检查和健康教育;健康教育能有效地提高中学生对麻风病的认识并能转变部分态度,歧视麻风病治愈者的比例从健康教育前的19.34%降到健康教育后的9.49%,愿意跟往常一样和他们交往的人数也较健康教育前增加了68.09%;中学生在怀疑自己患上麻风病后,愿意及时到当地麻风病防治单位去就诊的人数从健康教育前的15.94%上升到健康教育后的22.65%(χ2=91.60,P<0.01),而存在侥幸心理随它去的比例减少了11.64%(χ2=35.11,P<0.01)。结论利用中学生接受知识能力较强的特点,开展麻风病健康教育,能提高学生对麻风病的认识,引导他们正确对待麻风病,同时,也能起到一定的社会宣传作用,有利于早期发现麻风病。
Objective To improve the awareness of leprosy students about the basic knowledge of leprosy through the group examination and health education of leprosy students in middle school students and to find the suspected (clues) cases in time. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted to provide lectures on leprosy for middle school students, distribute publicity material and posters and other educational forms, and conduct early leprosy examination on all educational objects. At the same time, self-made questionnaires were sent to obtain pre-intervention, Post-secondary leprosy related knowledge and attitude. Results High school students only heard or saw leprosy only 25.96% of the total before health education. The majority of middle school students (92.03%) thought they needed to carry out leprosy group examination and health education in middle school. Health education could effectively Improve secondary school students awareness of leprosy and can change some attitudes, the proportion of discrimination against leprosy cured from 19.34% before health education dropped to 9.49% after health education, willing to contact with them as usual, the number of health education than before Increased by 68.09%. After they suspected they were suffering from leprosy, the number of middle school students who were willing to go to the local leprosy control unit in time went up from 15.94% before health education to 22.65% after health education (χ2 = 91.60, P <0.01 ), While there is a decrease of 11.64% (χ2 = 35.11, P <0.01). Conclusions The use of secondary school students to accept the strong knowledge of the ability to carry out leprosy health education can improve students’ awareness of leprosy and guide them to correct treatment of leprosy, but also can play a role in social advocacy, is conducive to the early detection of leprosy disease.