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荞麦起源于我国,演化形成了丰富的物种和遗传多样性。为了有效研究和利用荞麦及其野生种资源,以从四川、甘肃、贵州等地采集的荞麦属(Fagopyrum)10个种(含变种、亚种和复合体种)共71份材料为对象,通过ITS和叶绿体ndh F-rpl32序列分析,利用MEGA5.0构建系统进化树,探讨了荞麦种内及种间亲缘关系。结果表明,在ITS序列矩阵中,序列长度为725 bp,信息位点为150个,占序列总长度的20.7%;在ndh F-rpl32序列矩阵中,序列长度为940 bp,信息位点为158个,占序列总长度的16.8%。由ITS序列和ndh F-rpl32序列构建的两个进化树都可以将71份材料分为大粒荞麦种组和小粒荞麦种组;其中,大粒荞麦种组包括栽培苦荞和米苦荞(F.tataricum)、金荞复合体(F.cymosum complex)、栽培甜荞(F.esculentum)和野生甜荞(F.esculentum ssp.ancestralis);小粒荞麦种组包括齿翅野荞(F.gracilipes var.odontopterum)、疏穗小野荞(F.leptopodum var.grossii)、小野荞(F.leptopodum)、密毛野荞(F.densovillosum)、细柄野荞(F.gracilipes)和硬枝万年荞(F.urophyllum)。而ndh F-rpl32序列构建的系统发育树还能区分栽培甜荞和野生甜荞,具有更好的聚类效果。另外,与栽培甜荞相比,金荞复合体与栽培苦荞的亲缘关系更近。该研究为荞麦属种的分类和条形码研究提供了一定的科学依据。
Buckwheat originated in China, evolved a rich species and genetic diversity. In order to effectively study and utilize the resources of buckwheat and its wild species, a total of 71 materials from 10 Fagopyrum species (including varieties, subspecies and complex species) collected from Sichuan, Gansu and Guizhou provinces ITS and chloroplast ndh F-rpl32 sequence analysis, the use of MEGA5.0 phylogenetic tree construction, discussed the buckwheat species and species relationships. The results showed that in ITS sequence matrix, the length of the ITS sequence was 725 bp and the number of information sites was 150, accounting for 20.7% of the total length of the sequence. In the sequence of ndh F-rpl32, the sequence length was 940 bp and the information site was 158 A, accounting for 16.8% of the total length of the sequence. The two phylogenetic trees constructed from ITS sequences and ndh F-rpl32 sequences can be divided into two groups: the buckwheat group and the buckwheat group; tataricum, F. cymosum complex, F. esculentum, and F. esculentum ssp. astragalus. The group of small buckwheat includes F.gracilipes var. odontopterum, F. leptopodum var. grossii, F. leptopodum, F. densovillosum, F.gracilipes, and hardwood buckwheat (F. urophyllum). Phylogenetic tree constructed by ndh F-rpl32 sequence can distinguish cultivated sweet buckwheat and wild sweet buckwheat and has better clustering effect. In addition, compared with the cultivation of sweet buckwheat, buckwheat complexes and buckwheat closer genetic relationship. The research provided a scientific basis for the classification and barcode research of buckwheat species.