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知青问题在20世纪70年代末孕育着“一个时代终结带来的震荡”。应对这个敏感而棘手的社会治理挑战的历史重任最终落在了邓小平身上。他首先在政治上为知青问题解禁,同时提出“用经济手段解决政治问题”的总方略。通过增强经济自主性、恢复高考与广开城市就业门路,上山下乡运动得以提前结束。囿于“无功而返”的评价,以往的知青研究轻易地割断知青问题与中国改革之间的关系。然而,若将研究视角聚焦于上山下乡政策的终结过程,透过邓小平提出的“向前看”的历史观,便能重新审视知青运动的终结和中国改革之间的互动以及邓小平在解决知青问题中的巨大贡献。
The problem of educated youth in the late 1970s gave birth to “shocks caused by the end of an era.” The historical task of coping with this sensitive and intractable social governance challenge finally falls on Deng Xiaoping. He first lifted the issue of educated youth politically and simultaneously put forward the general plan of “resolving political issues by means of economic means.” By enhancing economic autonomy and restoring the college entrance examination and wide open employment opportunities in cities, the movement to go to the countryside can be brought to an early end. In the evaluation of “no return”, past studies on educated youth easily cut off the relationship between educated youth and China’s reform. However, if the research perspective is focused on the end of the process of going to the countryside and the “forward-looking” view of history put forward by Deng Xiaoping, we can re-examine the interaction between the end of the youth movement and China’s reform and Deng Xiaoping’s Solve the great contribution of educated youth.