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随着全球经济发展放缓,金属资源国内需求结构变化,资源约束压力、产能过剩等问题更加突出。如何通过国际产能合作化解金属产业难题是亟待解决的一个现实问题。本文从中国金属产业的现状出发,借鉴美、日产能转移的成功经验,在“一带一路”战略的大背景下探索适合中国金属产业开展产能合作的新模式并提出相应的政策建议。研究认为,中国已成为世界金属生产和消费大国且工业化进入中后期,具有进行国际产能合作的现实需求,“一带一路”战略为中国金属产能国际转移带来了历史契机。这种契机主要表现在沿线国家的基础设施建设热潮带来全球金属资源消费新的增长点,中国主导的“一带一路”战略构建了一种新型地缘政治格局,既能增强中国在沿线国家中的贸易话语权,也为中国开展国际产能合作提供了条件。研究指出,在“一带一路”战略下,中国金属产业的产能转移应以“互利共赢”为基础创新产能合作模式:即以产能合作推动产能转移,达到产业互补经济互惠的目的;以产能输出取代产品输出,有效回避西方国家针对中国的“双反”政策;以基础设施援建消化部分产能,在帮助沿线国家发展基础设施建设的同时消化自身部分富余产能。在合作策略上,应注重六个方面:一是充分利用“一带一路”的战略合作关系;二是实施低端转移高端做强的策略方针;三是全方位开放和深化产能合作;四是开展境外产业园区建设和有色金属精深加工工程;五是大力鼓励民营资本参与;六是创新金属矿业投资模式。
With the global economic slowdown, the domestic demand for metal resources, structural changes, resource constraints, overcapacity and other issues more prominent. How to solve the problem of metal industry through cooperation of international production capacity is a realistic problem to be solved urgently. Based on the current situation of China’s metal industry and based on the successful experience of production transfer in the United States and Japan, this paper explores a new mode suitable for China’s metal industry to carry out capacity-building cooperation and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations under the background of the “Belt and Road” strategy. According to the research, China has become the world’s major metal producer and consumer and industrialization has entered the middle and late stages with the actual demand for international capacity cooperation. The “Belt and Road” strategy has brought historic opportunity for the international transfer of metal production capacity in China. This opportunity is mainly manifested in the new upsurge of global consumption of metal resources brought by the upsurge of infrastructure construction in the countries along the line. China’s leading “Belt and Road” strategy has created a new geopolitical pattern that will not only enhance China’s economic growth in countries along the route In the trade right to speak, but also for China to carry out cooperation in international capacity to provide the conditions. The study pointed out that under the strategy of “One Belt and One Road”, the transfer of production capacity of China’s metal industry should be based on the principle of “mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.” The mode of innovative production capacity cooperation: promoting production capacity transfer through capacity cooperation and achieving mutual benefits of complementary industries ; To replace the output of output with the output of production capacity and effectively avoid the “double-reverse ” policy targeted at China by Western countries; to aid in the digestion of some of the production capacity by infrastructure and to help some of the country’s surplus production capacity while helping the countries along the country develop infrastructure. In the cooperation strategy, we should pay attention to six aspects: First, take full advantage of the strategic partnership of “Belt and Road”; second, implement the strategic guideline of high-end and low-end transfer; third, open and deepen cooperation in capacity; Is to carry out overseas industrial park construction and deep processing of non-ferrous metals projects; Fifth, to encourage private capital participation; Sixth, innovative metal mining investment model.