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"Transcribe Chinese vowels a， o， e ten times respectively； complete the worksheet of mental abacus calculation on page 4-5 before handing it to the parents for inspection； recite the content on page 15 which should be inspected and sighed by the parents." Every afternoon， on her way home after school， Ms Zhang will always receive the assignments for her daughter Miaomiao in the form of mobile texts. The first thing of Miaomiao， an only 5-year-old girl， upon going home， is to take out the textbooks and do assignments.
"Is her assignment too much？" Ms. Zhang asked me puzzlingly. As puzzling as her is Miaomiao herself， "Mommy， I want to play. How about letting go of my homework？" as a matter of fact， this is not an isolated case.
Recent days， Beijing Municipal Education Commission organized and hold a Special Workshop on Preventing and Rectifying the Trend of Preschool "Turning Elementary Schools"， reiterating the requirements of certain documents to prohibit this wrong trend. The meeting requires all districts and county governments to finish the self-inspection of preschools from the date to middle April. And the education department is responsible for supervision and examination. In fact， rectifying this wrong trend is not the latest measure and the State Education Department had issued bans many years ago. Then， why does this trend remains till now？ And did the ban only correct the shallow symptoms while neglecting the inner bane？ Worldwide， how does a preschooler spend his or her day？
“请将韵母a、o、e分别抄写十遍；珠心算4-5页练习完成后请家长检查并签字；第15页背诵家长检查并签字。”每到下午苗苗放学后，张女士接孩子的路上老师布置的家庭作业就会以短信的形式到来。年仅5岁的苗苗，从幼儿园放学后的第一件事是掏出课本，开始完成作业。
“这作业布置的是不是太多了？”张女士困惑地问记者。与她一样有困惑的还有苗苗本人，“妈妈，我想去玩儿，能不能不写作业？”实际上，这不是苗苗一个人所遭遇的难题。
近日，中国北京市教委组织召开防止和纠正幼儿园“小学化”现象专项工作会，重申相关文件要求，严禁幼儿园“小学化”倾向。会议指出，要求各区县从即日起至4月中旬，完成幼儿园自查，区县教育部门进行专项督查。事实上，治理幼儿园“小学化”并不是最新的举措，多年前中国教育部就对此下过禁令。那么，为何这种风气会屡禁不止？严禁的禁令是否又是“头疼医头脚疼医脚”之举？在国际上，幼儿园的孩子又是怎样度过自己的一天的？
Preschool "turning into elementary school"
“小学化”之风吹进幼儿园
"Sitting around the table， eating the candies" will recall many people's memories in China， especially those days at preschool. Usually， preschool teachers would let the kids sit in a row and hand out stuff， like food， drawing paper， pencil， etc... While the trend of so-called preschool "turning into elementary school" refers to the phenomenon that let the preschool kids receive cultural course intended for elementary students and teach them arithmetic， Chinese， English， calligraphy in the form of classes. Some preschools even set the teaching goal of "learning 1，000 Chinese characters， reciting 60 ancient poems， and skillfully calculating plus and minus operation lower than 100. In fact， "turning into elementary school" amounts to making kids study the knowledge which are planned for elementary school students prescribed by law. Parents awaiting kids outside the preschools when school is about to be over seem have more resonance over this trend. In three or five they cluster and chat， "I heard your kid Xiaoxi already can calculate minus and plus operation beyond 20？" "The assignment yesterday is a bit of difficult， what about Dongdong， he finds it easy？" and the chats are more about interest-oriented class. "Do you sign up the piano class for your kid？ Do you pay for the calligraphy class？ Do you think we should register more other interest-oriented classes？" …These remarks recur a lot when I pass by a certain preschool.
“排排坐，吃果果”，在中国，提起这句话就会勾起很多人的回忆，尤其是学龄前阶段的幼儿园时光。通常，幼儿园老师会让孩子们坐成一排，然后分发物品，如食物，绘图纸，铅笔等等。而所谓的幼儿园“小学化”现象，特指“让学龄前儿童接受小学生文化课教育，以上课方式学算数、语文、英语、书法等，甚至有学校提出‘认读1000个汉字，背诵60首古诗，熟练进行100以内加减运算’等教学目标。实质上，‘小学化’就是提前了法律规定的小学生学习课堂知识的年龄。”
对这样的现象，聚集在校门外等待孩子放学的家长似乎更深有体会，他们三、五个聚在一起，更多讨论的是“听说你们家小西都会20以内的加减法了？”，又或者是“昨天老师布置的英语作业有点难，你家东东会吗？”，还有更多关于兴趣班的讨论，“学校的钢琴班你们报了吗？书法班你们交钱了吗？还要不要再报点其他兴趣班？”……诸如此类的讨论，在记者路过某幼儿园门口时，总会听到。
In a random survey， six parents told me that they at least sign up two interest-oriented classes for their kid. Boys more likely register hard-tipped pen calligraphically works， while girls more likely sign up for language expression classes."The teacher asked every one of us to choose， at most two. If over two， fees are charged，" said by a mother. "I also sign up a dance class and a drawing class for my daughter at Saturdays and Sundays，" Ms Li added. Then Ms Zhao said， "my kid will sign up for Chinese Weiqi grading， and his teakwood now is already upgraded to greenish yellow level."
Sure， comparing with worries on which class they will sigh up for their kid， they showed more worries in assignments. "it's a troubling thing for the kid to do homework，" a parent opened his phone calendar app to the journalist， which shows that he barely has any time to rest after work， except those time to accompany his kid to the extra classes at every weekends. Also tutoring kids in assignment is also an staple task for him.
经过随机采访，有6位家长告诉记者，她们给孩子报了至少两种兴趣班，男孩子以硬笔书法类居多，女孩子以语言表达类居多。“学校的兴趣班老师让每人都得选，至多选两种，超过两种以上另外收费。”其中的一位妈妈表示。“我周六、周日还在别的地方给她报了舞蹈班和绘画班”，一位李姓女士跟记者补充道。随后，一位赵姓女士也向记者表示，“我家孩子5月份将会进行围棋定级，他的跆拳道也已经升级到了绿黄带。”
当然，在提起该让孩子参加哪个兴趣班家长很纠结的同时，家长表达了更多的忧愁，“平常，孩子做作业是令人操心的大问题。”一位家长打开自己手机的日历表给记者看，除去每周周末和孩子一同上课外班的时间，他下班后基本上没有多少可休息的时间。每晚辅导孩子做功课是他的必备科目。
"Too much assignments， plus kids do not like sitting for too long， rarely can he finish homework before 9 pm." "Many assignments are too complicated， such as 'making a beloved toy with an easy-pull can'， how can he finish it without my help？"
"Except spelling out English words， I have to teach her to differentiate the pronunciation of Chinese consonants and vowels， and inspect her arithmetic work. Too much work for her that I sometimes want to do it for her."
...
When the school was over and the bell rings out， I found dozens of 4 or 5 year old little boys or girls carrying big schoolbags appear before their parents who were just pouring grievance to me.
“作业多，加上小孩儿没什么定性，几乎很少有晚上九点之前完成的情况。”
“很多作业设置的比较复杂，譬如‘用易拉罐制作心爱的玩具’，如果没有大人帮忙，他根本完成不了。”
“除了拼写英文单词，教她分清声母、韵母的发音，还要检查算术题目。作业太多了，我都恨不得替她写。”
……
当放学的铃声响起时，记者看到在大吐苦水的家长眼前，是一个个背着大大书包走来的或4岁或5岁的小男孩、小女孩。
The downsides of
"Hurried kids"
“拔苗助长”危害多
"Do not transfer your own kids. They are born to be human and free and their freedom belongs to no one but themselves. Except them， no one has the right to dispose it，" said by Rousseau， French englightment thinker in his work Emile. He stressed that education should follow nature and the instinct of children.
As it is well known， among children's instincts， one is the fondness of nature and playing. In China's traditional education， there is a bad example--"Pity on Zhongyong". The harms of "hurried kids" are also frequently mentioned by experts and scholars specialized in education.
Dong Xiuling from Education Bureau of Dongming County， Shandong Province， China once wrote， the preschool education "turning into elementary" arrested the instinct of young kids and grab away their joy. This practice deprives the kid the opportunity of learning， creating and exploring， and genius was killed in the bud. Besides， it is also against the normal health development of kids and jeopardizing the kids' health. For instance， focusing attention for a long time will cause brain fatigue and damage in nervous system； having normative studies too early and too much is harmful the development of muscle and bones of kids， generating malign symptoms like nearsigntedness， humpback， emaciation， etc.； and it will neglect the cultivation of non-intellectual factors and go against the formation of good habits of kids."
“不要转让自己的孩子。孩子们生来就是人，并且是自由的；他们的自由属于他们自己。除了他们之外。任何人都无权加以处置。”几百年前，法国启蒙思想家卢梭在其著作《爱弥儿》中如是描述，他强调的教育是应该遵循自然，顺应儿童的天性。
众所周知，儿童天性中很重要的一条是热爱自由，爱好玩耍。早前，在中国的传统教育中，就有“伤仲永”之说，而“拔苗助长”的危害也被教育方面的专家、学者提及。 来自中国山东省东明县教育局的董秀玲即撰文表示，“‘小学化’教育扼杀了幼儿的天性，剥夺了幼儿的快乐。‘小学化’的幼儿教育方式使幼儿失去了学习、创造、和探索的机会，天才被扼杀在摇篮之中；此外，也不利于幼儿身体的正常发育，危害了幼儿的身体健康。如长时间集中注意力，大脑容易疲劳，会造成神经系统伤害；过早过多进行规范性学习，不利于孩子肌肉、骨骼的发育，会导致幼儿近视、驼背、消瘦等身体上的不良症状的产生；还有，会忽视幼儿非智力因素的培养，不利于幼儿良好行为习惯的形成。”
In addition， kids' fondness of playing is matched with their attention. Research found that， the younger the kid is， the shorter their focus is which is in proportion with the age； at 3， it's 9 minutes； at 4， it's 12 minutes； at 5， it's 14 minutes. "If staying focused on a certain item， brain fatigue will be triggered and harm will be caused to the nervous system. However， compulsory infusion education not only wastes the playing time of kids， but also cause damages to its creativity and imagination. To some extent， some kids may be weary of studying，" said by an expert.
At the meantime， expert also said， the real education is to teach while playing， learn while playing， grasping principles in applied practice. Pointless transcription and reciting without understanding is only mechanic repletion and goes against the growth of kids.
此外，提及幼儿缘何天生爱玩耍，是与其专注力相匹配的。有研究发现，与年龄成正比，年纪越小专注力时间越短：3岁约为9分钟，4岁约为12分钟，5岁约为14分钟。“若长期专注于某个事项，对幼儿来说，无外乎会引起大脑疲劳，对神经系统造成伤害。而强制性灌输教育，既浪费孩子玩耍的时间，又无疑对其创新能力和想象力造成损伤，某种程度上会使得幼儿产生厌学情绪。”有专家对此表示。
与此同时，专家还表示，真正的教育是寓教于乐，在玩耍中学会知识，在实践运用中掌握原理。无意义的抄写，没有理解性的背诵只是机械式的重复，对幼儿的成长不利。
Moreover， some statics in a 2011 survey targeted at 500 parents and 100 preschool teachers in Wuhan， Beijing and other cities showed that， 70% of the teachers said explicitly that imparting knowledge ahead of time to the kids is not good for the growth of kids. Pressing pressure in advance will also obliterate kids' imagination. The physical and nervous system of kids are both very fragile. This trend do harm rather than good to the physical and mental development of kids.
Fu Zhifeng， Deputy Director of Beijing Municipal Education Commission intonated in an interview that， "preschool at all level and of all genre should pay attention the body and mental health of kids， cultivate good behaviors for kids who should feel rules in games and activities and understand the surrounding work， so as to strive for a healthy and joyous growth environment of the kids，" which also testifies that this trend is nothing but a tie-up for the instincts of preschoolers.
此外，相关数据显示，2011年中国社会调查所对武汉、北京等地500名幼儿家长和100名幼儿教师进行调查，有七成教师明确表示超前传授知识不利于孩子成长，提前加压还会抹杀孩子的想象力。幼儿的身体机能和神经系统都很脆弱，“小学化”倾向对幼儿的身心发展有害无益。
北京市教委副主任付志峰在接受媒体采访时强调：“各级各类幼儿园应关注幼儿身心健康，培养幼儿良好的行为习惯，在游戏和活动中感知规则，认识周围世界，为实现幼儿的健康快乐成长而努力。”这也印证了幼儿园“小学化”，是对幼儿天性的禁锢。 Why "hurried kids"
recur all the time
“拔苗助长”缘何屡禁不止
Since the society already has a consensus on the harms， why does the trend of "turning into elementary" still run wild？
I particular look up the Notice of Prohibiting and Correcting the Trend of "Turning Elementary" issued by Ministry of Education of PRC three years ago， which stated "preschools should follow the development rules for the body and mental health of kids， and correct the teaching material and approaches that 'turn elementary'. Preschools （including kindergartens） should make nursing and teaching work plan scientifically according to the features of their age and law of somatopsychic development of kids， arrange and organize kids' daily life reasonably."
Besides， the notice also mentions that "stick to use games as the basic activities， employ multiple forms including teams， groups and individual activity flexibly to exercise kids' body， stir their inquisitive quest and learning interest to have good ethos and behaviors， and practice， cultivate positive socializing and cooperating ability to boost the harmonious development of body and mental health of kids." The notice forbids to teach kids elementary curriculum. "Preschool should not hold interest-oriented classes， specialty classes and experiment classes and conduct all forms of in-advance teaching and exercise， and should not assign homework."
既然，社会对幼儿园“小学化”教育危害有着普遍的认知，但幼儿园“小学化”教育的风气却为何仍然屡禁不止？
为此，记者特意查阅了三年前中华人民共和国教育部就关于规范幼儿园保育教育工作防止和纠正“小学化”现象发布的通知：其中，明确强调要“遵循幼儿身心发展规律，纠正‘小学化’教育内容和方式。幼儿园（含学前班）要遵循幼儿的年龄特点和身心发展规律，科学制定保教工作计划，合理安排和组织幼儿一日生活。”
并且，通知还特别提到“要坚持以游戏为基本活动，灵活运用集体、小组和个别活动等多种形式，锻炼幼儿强健的体魄，激发探究欲望与学习兴趣，养成良好的品德与行为习惯，培养积极的交往与合作能力，促进幼儿身心全面和谐发展。”通知更是严禁幼儿园提前教授小学教育内容。“幼儿园不得以举办兴趣班、特长班和实验班为名进行各种提前学习和强化训练活动，不得给幼儿布置家庭作业。”
Till now when interviewing parents about governments' new measure against this trend， they replied unanimously， "no use， inspection is only for a time period， everything return to the old track after that，" some parents even said， "Do not teach spelling， and arithmetic？ Then teach what？ What if other preschool still teach these， then my kid will fall behind？" "The world is so competitive， there is no way out but learning more. Yes， too much assignments， but later we will finish，" said by some parents.
An experts signed， the reason for the hurried education is partly ascribed to the lack of inspection and weakness of punishment. Besides， some parents who hold high hopes for their kids do not want their kid lose in the starling line only add fuel to the fire， and the ban is only to little avail. During the 2015 NPC and CPPCC， Yuan Guiren， Minister of Ministry of Education of PRC said， "Ministry of Education will take forceful measures to enhance education equality." Experts point out that， the scarcity of high-quality primary schools cannot meet the needs of accommodating all preschoolers， which makes some primary school enrollments privately set up entrance exams which do not correspond to the education policy. Preschools and parents want preschoolers to study primary school knowledge so as to prepare for the exams. Hence， the "hurried kids" recur all the time.
时至今日，记者对于北京市再提及幼儿园教育“小学化”倾向的话题进行了采访，家长中普遍的反应是：“没用的，督查只是一段时间内的，一过了督查时间估计就重回原样了吧。”甚至有家长表示，“不教拼音，数学，那学什么？万一别的学校还学，我们家孩子岂不是落在别人后面了吗？”“社会竞争这么激烈，不多学点怎么能行，作业多，慢慢写能写完的。”也有家长这样表示。
有专家感言，对于“拔苗助长”式教育很大一部分原因在于监管的缺位和处罚的疲软。另外，加之一些家长“望子成龙”不愿自己的子女输在起跑线上愿景的推波助澜使得禁令收效甚微。
在2015年中国全国两会期间，中华人民共和国教育部部长袁贵仁表示，“教育部将采取有力措施促进教育公平。”对此，专家也指出由于优质小学资源的稀缺，使得在幼小衔接的过程中出现僧多粥少的局面，由此带来的小学招生私设不符教育政策的入学考试，继而引发幼儿园、家长要求幼儿在幼儿园期间学习小学知识以应对，也由此导致了“小学化”教育之风的屡禁不止。
Lessons from German，
Japan and Australia
德日澳学前教育借鉴
As a matter of fact， the practice common in the world is that： Playing is also learning.
According to China Youth News， the preschool of Hamburg， German， is specially designed for preschool （5-year-old） kids whose mental and physical development， and behaviors do not correspond with their ages and their families are unable to give proper education. The aim is to enable these kids to adapt to the class environment and live with harmoniously classmates when entering primary schools. Preschool classes will help these kids to learn not to run wild， behave randomly or interfere with others in class time， but to cooperate with others， grasp the cognition， communication and reading ability， etc.， which other kids of their age should learn.
China Youth Paper recorded a field trip to the Preschool. "When the light-hearted music rings out， teacher asks the kid to lie down on the gym mats with their eyes closed， to conduct brain imagination exercise as the teacher vividly narrates the view of trains passing through mountains， forests， wilderness， towns， rivers and lakes. Teacher keeps reminding the kids， now do you see the wild flowers on the grassland？ The small houses in the forests？ The fish in the river？ Two parent volunteers sit around to record the performance of every kid. Later the teacher told me， this is thinking imagination class especially for 4 to 5 year old kids， which aims to lead the kids to think quietly and wildly in the form of games. Every lesson should record whether the kids quite down into imaginary language description， etc.. The records will again return to the parents who will be familiar with the kids' mental and physical developments so as to conduct better family education accordingly." 实际上，在国际上的通行惯例是，玩——也是一种学习。
此前，据《中国青年报》报道，德国汉堡小学的学前班，是专门为一些心智发育行为举止与年龄不符而家庭又无法给予合适教育的学龄前（5岁）儿童提供帮助而设置，以便他们入小学后能够顺利适应上课环境，与人和谐相处。学前班会帮助这些孩子学会在课堂上不能乱跑、乱动妨碍影响别人，学会与人交往合作，掌握这个年龄段孩子应该具备的识别能力、语言交流能力、阅览能力等。
另外，该报还报道了记者亲身参与德国幼儿园的实地教育情况。“轻快的音乐响起，老师让孩子们躺在体操垫子上安静闭目，随着老师绘声绘色地讲述火车穿过高山森林原野农庄河流湖泊，进行大脑想象训练。老师不时提醒，看见草地上的野花了吗？看见森林里的小房子了吗？小河里有没有鱼？旁边有两位自愿助课的家长，帮忙记录每个孩子的表现。后来老师告诉我，这是专门针对4至5岁儿童进行的思维想象课，以游戏的方式引导孩子们安静思考，丰富联想。每次课须记录孩子能否安静下来进入想象语言描述等等。记录还要交给家长，以便家长熟知自己孩子身心发育情况并配合以进行家庭教育。”
According to some statistics， related requirements of Japan on preschool education， teaching of language， arithmetic， and English is forbidden in classes. The main education goal is to cultivate kids with good living habits， common sense and ability of living in a group and with others. Meanwhile， kids can learn necessary knowledge through games， sports， handworks， etc.. Of course， what's worth mentioning is the big feature of Japan's preschool education： multifarious outdoor activities to make kids closer to the nature and cultivate healthy mind and body through fun and games. Japan also emphasizes guiding the education methods of parents. For instance， they opened moms' class， parents' class. It is learned that learning classes are divided into two kinds， one is targeted at parents of children and infants， and the other is targeted at parents-to-be. The study curriculum mainly comprises infant psychology， physiological hygiene， family education principal， and so on.
While in Australia， preschool features on human and flexible cultivation of children. The main job of teacher is to let the kids have fun in preschool so as to build an independent personality and a partnership with their peers. Besides the teachers， assistant nurses for little children will help teachers to look after infant's diet and daily life. Kids can positively learn the world by experiencing personally and demonstration in games and entertainments.
此外，据相关资料显示，在日本国内幼儿教育有相关规定，不能在课堂上教授文字、算术和英语，主要教育目的是让孩子养成良好生活习惯，懂得基本生活常识，通过集体生活学会如何与人相处。与此同时，孩子们可以通过游戏、体育、手工等方式逐步学习所需知识。当然，值得一提的还有该国幼儿园教育的一大特点是：进行五花八门的户外活动，让孩子们亲近大自然，通过玩乐来培养他们健康的身心和与人相处的能力。与此同时，日本还是个注重对父母进行教育方式引导的国家。比如，开办了母亲班、双亲班等。据悉，学习班分两种，一种是以婴幼儿的父母为对象的学习班，另一种是以即将做父母的人为对象的学习班。学习内容大致是幼儿心理学、生理卫生、家庭教育原理等。
而在澳大利亚，该国幼儿园的特点是人性化、自由化的对儿童进行培养。幼儿教师的主要工作是让孩子在幼儿园里玩得开心，从而培养他们独立的人格，帮助他们更好地与同龄人建立伙伴关系。除了教师之外，还设置幼儿护理助理来协助教师的工作，负责照顾幼儿的饮食起居。通过身临其境，以身示范的方式让儿童们通过游戏和寓教于乐等方式来积极认知这个世界。
"Is her assignment too much？" Ms. Zhang asked me puzzlingly. As puzzling as her is Miaomiao herself， "Mommy， I want to play. How about letting go of my homework？" as a matter of fact， this is not an isolated case.
Recent days， Beijing Municipal Education Commission organized and hold a Special Workshop on Preventing and Rectifying the Trend of Preschool "Turning Elementary Schools"， reiterating the requirements of certain documents to prohibit this wrong trend. The meeting requires all districts and county governments to finish the self-inspection of preschools from the date to middle April. And the education department is responsible for supervision and examination. In fact， rectifying this wrong trend is not the latest measure and the State Education Department had issued bans many years ago. Then， why does this trend remains till now？ And did the ban only correct the shallow symptoms while neglecting the inner bane？ Worldwide， how does a preschooler spend his or her day？
“请将韵母a、o、e分别抄写十遍；珠心算4-5页练习完成后请家长检查并签字；第15页背诵家长检查并签字。”每到下午苗苗放学后，张女士接孩子的路上老师布置的家庭作业就会以短信的形式到来。年仅5岁的苗苗，从幼儿园放学后的第一件事是掏出课本，开始完成作业。
“这作业布置的是不是太多了？”张女士困惑地问记者。与她一样有困惑的还有苗苗本人，“妈妈，我想去玩儿，能不能不写作业？”实际上，这不是苗苗一个人所遭遇的难题。
近日，中国北京市教委组织召开防止和纠正幼儿园“小学化”现象专项工作会，重申相关文件要求，严禁幼儿园“小学化”倾向。会议指出，要求各区县从即日起至4月中旬，完成幼儿园自查，区县教育部门进行专项督查。事实上，治理幼儿园“小学化”并不是最新的举措，多年前中国教育部就对此下过禁令。那么，为何这种风气会屡禁不止？严禁的禁令是否又是“头疼医头脚疼医脚”之举？在国际上，幼儿园的孩子又是怎样度过自己的一天的？
Preschool "turning into elementary school"
“小学化”之风吹进幼儿园
"Sitting around the table， eating the candies" will recall many people's memories in China， especially those days at preschool. Usually， preschool teachers would let the kids sit in a row and hand out stuff， like food， drawing paper， pencil， etc... While the trend of so-called preschool "turning into elementary school" refers to the phenomenon that let the preschool kids receive cultural course intended for elementary students and teach them arithmetic， Chinese， English， calligraphy in the form of classes. Some preschools even set the teaching goal of "learning 1，000 Chinese characters， reciting 60 ancient poems， and skillfully calculating plus and minus operation lower than 100. In fact， "turning into elementary school" amounts to making kids study the knowledge which are planned for elementary school students prescribed by law. Parents awaiting kids outside the preschools when school is about to be over seem have more resonance over this trend. In three or five they cluster and chat， "I heard your kid Xiaoxi already can calculate minus and plus operation beyond 20？" "The assignment yesterday is a bit of difficult， what about Dongdong， he finds it easy？" and the chats are more about interest-oriented class. "Do you sign up the piano class for your kid？ Do you pay for the calligraphy class？ Do you think we should register more other interest-oriented classes？" …These remarks recur a lot when I pass by a certain preschool.
“排排坐，吃果果”，在中国，提起这句话就会勾起很多人的回忆，尤其是学龄前阶段的幼儿园时光。通常，幼儿园老师会让孩子们坐成一排，然后分发物品，如食物，绘图纸，铅笔等等。而所谓的幼儿园“小学化”现象，特指“让学龄前儿童接受小学生文化课教育，以上课方式学算数、语文、英语、书法等，甚至有学校提出‘认读1000个汉字，背诵60首古诗，熟练进行100以内加减运算’等教学目标。实质上，‘小学化’就是提前了法律规定的小学生学习课堂知识的年龄。”
对这样的现象，聚集在校门外等待孩子放学的家长似乎更深有体会，他们三、五个聚在一起，更多讨论的是“听说你们家小西都会20以内的加减法了？”，又或者是“昨天老师布置的英语作业有点难，你家东东会吗？”，还有更多关于兴趣班的讨论，“学校的钢琴班你们报了吗？书法班你们交钱了吗？还要不要再报点其他兴趣班？”……诸如此类的讨论，在记者路过某幼儿园门口时，总会听到。
In a random survey， six parents told me that they at least sign up two interest-oriented classes for their kid. Boys more likely register hard-tipped pen calligraphically works， while girls more likely sign up for language expression classes."The teacher asked every one of us to choose， at most two. If over two， fees are charged，" said by a mother. "I also sign up a dance class and a drawing class for my daughter at Saturdays and Sundays，" Ms Li added. Then Ms Zhao said， "my kid will sign up for Chinese Weiqi grading， and his teakwood now is already upgraded to greenish yellow level."
Sure， comparing with worries on which class they will sigh up for their kid， they showed more worries in assignments. "it's a troubling thing for the kid to do homework，" a parent opened his phone calendar app to the journalist， which shows that he barely has any time to rest after work， except those time to accompany his kid to the extra classes at every weekends. Also tutoring kids in assignment is also an staple task for him.
经过随机采访，有6位家长告诉记者，她们给孩子报了至少两种兴趣班，男孩子以硬笔书法类居多，女孩子以语言表达类居多。“学校的兴趣班老师让每人都得选，至多选两种，超过两种以上另外收费。”其中的一位妈妈表示。“我周六、周日还在别的地方给她报了舞蹈班和绘画班”，一位李姓女士跟记者补充道。随后，一位赵姓女士也向记者表示，“我家孩子5月份将会进行围棋定级，他的跆拳道也已经升级到了绿黄带。”
当然，在提起该让孩子参加哪个兴趣班家长很纠结的同时，家长表达了更多的忧愁，“平常，孩子做作业是令人操心的大问题。”一位家长打开自己手机的日历表给记者看，除去每周周末和孩子一同上课外班的时间，他下班后基本上没有多少可休息的时间。每晚辅导孩子做功课是他的必备科目。
"Too much assignments， plus kids do not like sitting for too long， rarely can he finish homework before 9 pm." "Many assignments are too complicated， such as 'making a beloved toy with an easy-pull can'， how can he finish it without my help？"
"Except spelling out English words， I have to teach her to differentiate the pronunciation of Chinese consonants and vowels， and inspect her arithmetic work. Too much work for her that I sometimes want to do it for her."
...
When the school was over and the bell rings out， I found dozens of 4 or 5 year old little boys or girls carrying big schoolbags appear before their parents who were just pouring grievance to me.
“作业多，加上小孩儿没什么定性，几乎很少有晚上九点之前完成的情况。”
“很多作业设置的比较复杂，譬如‘用易拉罐制作心爱的玩具’，如果没有大人帮忙，他根本完成不了。”
“除了拼写英文单词，教她分清声母、韵母的发音，还要检查算术题目。作业太多了，我都恨不得替她写。”
……
当放学的铃声响起时，记者看到在大吐苦水的家长眼前，是一个个背着大大书包走来的或4岁或5岁的小男孩、小女孩。
The downsides of
"Hurried kids"
“拔苗助长”危害多
"Do not transfer your own kids. They are born to be human and free and their freedom belongs to no one but themselves. Except them， no one has the right to dispose it，" said by Rousseau， French englightment thinker in his work Emile. He stressed that education should follow nature and the instinct of children.
As it is well known， among children's instincts， one is the fondness of nature and playing. In China's traditional education， there is a bad example--"Pity on Zhongyong". The harms of "hurried kids" are also frequently mentioned by experts and scholars specialized in education.
Dong Xiuling from Education Bureau of Dongming County， Shandong Province， China once wrote， the preschool education "turning into elementary" arrested the instinct of young kids and grab away their joy. This practice deprives the kid the opportunity of learning， creating and exploring， and genius was killed in the bud. Besides， it is also against the normal health development of kids and jeopardizing the kids' health. For instance， focusing attention for a long time will cause brain fatigue and damage in nervous system； having normative studies too early and too much is harmful the development of muscle and bones of kids， generating malign symptoms like nearsigntedness， humpback， emaciation， etc.； and it will neglect the cultivation of non-intellectual factors and go against the formation of good habits of kids."
“不要转让自己的孩子。孩子们生来就是人，并且是自由的；他们的自由属于他们自己。除了他们之外。任何人都无权加以处置。”几百年前，法国启蒙思想家卢梭在其著作《爱弥儿》中如是描述，他强调的教育是应该遵循自然，顺应儿童的天性。
众所周知，儿童天性中很重要的一条是热爱自由，爱好玩耍。早前，在中国的传统教育中，就有“伤仲永”之说，而“拔苗助长”的危害也被教育方面的专家、学者提及。 来自中国山东省东明县教育局的董秀玲即撰文表示，“‘小学化’教育扼杀了幼儿的天性，剥夺了幼儿的快乐。‘小学化’的幼儿教育方式使幼儿失去了学习、创造、和探索的机会，天才被扼杀在摇篮之中；此外，也不利于幼儿身体的正常发育，危害了幼儿的身体健康。如长时间集中注意力，大脑容易疲劳，会造成神经系统伤害；过早过多进行规范性学习，不利于孩子肌肉、骨骼的发育，会导致幼儿近视、驼背、消瘦等身体上的不良症状的产生；还有，会忽视幼儿非智力因素的培养，不利于幼儿良好行为习惯的形成。”
In addition， kids' fondness of playing is matched with their attention. Research found that， the younger the kid is， the shorter their focus is which is in proportion with the age； at 3， it's 9 minutes； at 4， it's 12 minutes； at 5， it's 14 minutes. "If staying focused on a certain item， brain fatigue will be triggered and harm will be caused to the nervous system. However， compulsory infusion education not only wastes the playing time of kids， but also cause damages to its creativity and imagination. To some extent， some kids may be weary of studying，" said by an expert.
At the meantime， expert also said， the real education is to teach while playing， learn while playing， grasping principles in applied practice. Pointless transcription and reciting without understanding is only mechanic repletion and goes against the growth of kids.
此外，提及幼儿缘何天生爱玩耍，是与其专注力相匹配的。有研究发现，与年龄成正比，年纪越小专注力时间越短：3岁约为9分钟，4岁约为12分钟，5岁约为14分钟。“若长期专注于某个事项，对幼儿来说，无外乎会引起大脑疲劳，对神经系统造成伤害。而强制性灌输教育，既浪费孩子玩耍的时间，又无疑对其创新能力和想象力造成损伤，某种程度上会使得幼儿产生厌学情绪。”有专家对此表示。
与此同时，专家还表示，真正的教育是寓教于乐，在玩耍中学会知识，在实践运用中掌握原理。无意义的抄写，没有理解性的背诵只是机械式的重复，对幼儿的成长不利。
Moreover， some statics in a 2011 survey targeted at 500 parents and 100 preschool teachers in Wuhan， Beijing and other cities showed that， 70% of the teachers said explicitly that imparting knowledge ahead of time to the kids is not good for the growth of kids. Pressing pressure in advance will also obliterate kids' imagination. The physical and nervous system of kids are both very fragile. This trend do harm rather than good to the physical and mental development of kids.
Fu Zhifeng， Deputy Director of Beijing Municipal Education Commission intonated in an interview that， "preschool at all level and of all genre should pay attention the body and mental health of kids， cultivate good behaviors for kids who should feel rules in games and activities and understand the surrounding work， so as to strive for a healthy and joyous growth environment of the kids，" which also testifies that this trend is nothing but a tie-up for the instincts of preschoolers.
此外，相关数据显示，2011年中国社会调查所对武汉、北京等地500名幼儿家长和100名幼儿教师进行调查，有七成教师明确表示超前传授知识不利于孩子成长，提前加压还会抹杀孩子的想象力。幼儿的身体机能和神经系统都很脆弱，“小学化”倾向对幼儿的身心发展有害无益。
北京市教委副主任付志峰在接受媒体采访时强调：“各级各类幼儿园应关注幼儿身心健康，培养幼儿良好的行为习惯，在游戏和活动中感知规则，认识周围世界，为实现幼儿的健康快乐成长而努力。”这也印证了幼儿园“小学化”，是对幼儿天性的禁锢。 Why "hurried kids"
recur all the time
“拔苗助长”缘何屡禁不止
Since the society already has a consensus on the harms， why does the trend of "turning into elementary" still run wild？
I particular look up the Notice of Prohibiting and Correcting the Trend of "Turning Elementary" issued by Ministry of Education of PRC three years ago， which stated "preschools should follow the development rules for the body and mental health of kids， and correct the teaching material and approaches that 'turn elementary'. Preschools （including kindergartens） should make nursing and teaching work plan scientifically according to the features of their age and law of somatopsychic development of kids， arrange and organize kids' daily life reasonably."
Besides， the notice also mentions that "stick to use games as the basic activities， employ multiple forms including teams， groups and individual activity flexibly to exercise kids' body， stir their inquisitive quest and learning interest to have good ethos and behaviors， and practice， cultivate positive socializing and cooperating ability to boost the harmonious development of body and mental health of kids." The notice forbids to teach kids elementary curriculum. "Preschool should not hold interest-oriented classes， specialty classes and experiment classes and conduct all forms of in-advance teaching and exercise， and should not assign homework."
既然，社会对幼儿园“小学化”教育危害有着普遍的认知，但幼儿园“小学化”教育的风气却为何仍然屡禁不止？
为此，记者特意查阅了三年前中华人民共和国教育部就关于规范幼儿园保育教育工作防止和纠正“小学化”现象发布的通知：其中，明确强调要“遵循幼儿身心发展规律，纠正‘小学化’教育内容和方式。幼儿园（含学前班）要遵循幼儿的年龄特点和身心发展规律，科学制定保教工作计划，合理安排和组织幼儿一日生活。”
并且，通知还特别提到“要坚持以游戏为基本活动，灵活运用集体、小组和个别活动等多种形式，锻炼幼儿强健的体魄，激发探究欲望与学习兴趣，养成良好的品德与行为习惯，培养积极的交往与合作能力，促进幼儿身心全面和谐发展。”通知更是严禁幼儿园提前教授小学教育内容。“幼儿园不得以举办兴趣班、特长班和实验班为名进行各种提前学习和强化训练活动，不得给幼儿布置家庭作业。”
Till now when interviewing parents about governments' new measure against this trend， they replied unanimously， "no use， inspection is only for a time period， everything return to the old track after that，" some parents even said， "Do not teach spelling， and arithmetic？ Then teach what？ What if other preschool still teach these， then my kid will fall behind？" "The world is so competitive， there is no way out but learning more. Yes， too much assignments， but later we will finish，" said by some parents.
An experts signed， the reason for the hurried education is partly ascribed to the lack of inspection and weakness of punishment. Besides， some parents who hold high hopes for their kids do not want their kid lose in the starling line only add fuel to the fire， and the ban is only to little avail. During the 2015 NPC and CPPCC， Yuan Guiren， Minister of Ministry of Education of PRC said， "Ministry of Education will take forceful measures to enhance education equality." Experts point out that， the scarcity of high-quality primary schools cannot meet the needs of accommodating all preschoolers， which makes some primary school enrollments privately set up entrance exams which do not correspond to the education policy. Preschools and parents want preschoolers to study primary school knowledge so as to prepare for the exams. Hence， the "hurried kids" recur all the time.
时至今日，记者对于北京市再提及幼儿园教育“小学化”倾向的话题进行了采访，家长中普遍的反应是：“没用的，督查只是一段时间内的，一过了督查时间估计就重回原样了吧。”甚至有家长表示，“不教拼音，数学，那学什么？万一别的学校还学，我们家孩子岂不是落在别人后面了吗？”“社会竞争这么激烈，不多学点怎么能行，作业多，慢慢写能写完的。”也有家长这样表示。
有专家感言，对于“拔苗助长”式教育很大一部分原因在于监管的缺位和处罚的疲软。另外，加之一些家长“望子成龙”不愿自己的子女输在起跑线上愿景的推波助澜使得禁令收效甚微。
在2015年中国全国两会期间，中华人民共和国教育部部长袁贵仁表示，“教育部将采取有力措施促进教育公平。”对此，专家也指出由于优质小学资源的稀缺，使得在幼小衔接的过程中出现僧多粥少的局面，由此带来的小学招生私设不符教育政策的入学考试，继而引发幼儿园、家长要求幼儿在幼儿园期间学习小学知识以应对，也由此导致了“小学化”教育之风的屡禁不止。
Lessons from German，
Japan and Australia
德日澳学前教育借鉴
As a matter of fact， the practice common in the world is that： Playing is also learning.
According to China Youth News， the preschool of Hamburg， German， is specially designed for preschool （5-year-old） kids whose mental and physical development， and behaviors do not correspond with their ages and their families are unable to give proper education. The aim is to enable these kids to adapt to the class environment and live with harmoniously classmates when entering primary schools. Preschool classes will help these kids to learn not to run wild， behave randomly or interfere with others in class time， but to cooperate with others， grasp the cognition， communication and reading ability， etc.， which other kids of their age should learn.
China Youth Paper recorded a field trip to the Preschool. "When the light-hearted music rings out， teacher asks the kid to lie down on the gym mats with their eyes closed， to conduct brain imagination exercise as the teacher vividly narrates the view of trains passing through mountains， forests， wilderness， towns， rivers and lakes. Teacher keeps reminding the kids， now do you see the wild flowers on the grassland？ The small houses in the forests？ The fish in the river？ Two parent volunteers sit around to record the performance of every kid. Later the teacher told me， this is thinking imagination class especially for 4 to 5 year old kids， which aims to lead the kids to think quietly and wildly in the form of games. Every lesson should record whether the kids quite down into imaginary language description， etc.. The records will again return to the parents who will be familiar with the kids' mental and physical developments so as to conduct better family education accordingly." 实际上，在国际上的通行惯例是，玩——也是一种学习。
此前，据《中国青年报》报道，德国汉堡小学的学前班，是专门为一些心智发育行为举止与年龄不符而家庭又无法给予合适教育的学龄前（5岁）儿童提供帮助而设置，以便他们入小学后能够顺利适应上课环境，与人和谐相处。学前班会帮助这些孩子学会在课堂上不能乱跑、乱动妨碍影响别人，学会与人交往合作，掌握这个年龄段孩子应该具备的识别能力、语言交流能力、阅览能力等。
另外，该报还报道了记者亲身参与德国幼儿园的实地教育情况。“轻快的音乐响起，老师让孩子们躺在体操垫子上安静闭目，随着老师绘声绘色地讲述火车穿过高山森林原野农庄河流湖泊，进行大脑想象训练。老师不时提醒，看见草地上的野花了吗？看见森林里的小房子了吗？小河里有没有鱼？旁边有两位自愿助课的家长，帮忙记录每个孩子的表现。后来老师告诉我，这是专门针对4至5岁儿童进行的思维想象课，以游戏的方式引导孩子们安静思考，丰富联想。每次课须记录孩子能否安静下来进入想象语言描述等等。记录还要交给家长，以便家长熟知自己孩子身心发育情况并配合以进行家庭教育。”
According to some statistics， related requirements of Japan on preschool education， teaching of language， arithmetic， and English is forbidden in classes. The main education goal is to cultivate kids with good living habits， common sense and ability of living in a group and with others. Meanwhile， kids can learn necessary knowledge through games， sports， handworks， etc.. Of course， what's worth mentioning is the big feature of Japan's preschool education： multifarious outdoor activities to make kids closer to the nature and cultivate healthy mind and body through fun and games. Japan also emphasizes guiding the education methods of parents. For instance， they opened moms' class， parents' class. It is learned that learning classes are divided into two kinds， one is targeted at parents of children and infants， and the other is targeted at parents-to-be. The study curriculum mainly comprises infant psychology， physiological hygiene， family education principal， and so on.
While in Australia， preschool features on human and flexible cultivation of children. The main job of teacher is to let the kids have fun in preschool so as to build an independent personality and a partnership with their peers. Besides the teachers， assistant nurses for little children will help teachers to look after infant's diet and daily life. Kids can positively learn the world by experiencing personally and demonstration in games and entertainments.
此外，据相关资料显示，在日本国内幼儿教育有相关规定，不能在课堂上教授文字、算术和英语，主要教育目的是让孩子养成良好生活习惯，懂得基本生活常识，通过集体生活学会如何与人相处。与此同时，孩子们可以通过游戏、体育、手工等方式逐步学习所需知识。当然，值得一提的还有该国幼儿园教育的一大特点是：进行五花八门的户外活动，让孩子们亲近大自然，通过玩乐来培养他们健康的身心和与人相处的能力。与此同时，日本还是个注重对父母进行教育方式引导的国家。比如，开办了母亲班、双亲班等。据悉，学习班分两种，一种是以婴幼儿的父母为对象的学习班，另一种是以即将做父母的人为对象的学习班。学习内容大致是幼儿心理学、生理卫生、家庭教育原理等。
而在澳大利亚，该国幼儿园的特点是人性化、自由化的对儿童进行培养。幼儿教师的主要工作是让孩子在幼儿园里玩得开心，从而培养他们独立的人格，帮助他们更好地与同龄人建立伙伴关系。除了教师之外，还设置幼儿护理助理来协助教师的工作，负责照顾幼儿的饮食起居。通过身临其境，以身示范的方式让儿童们通过游戏和寓教于乐等方式来积极认知这个世界。