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明神宗万历二十九年(1601年)意大利耶稣会传教士利玛窦(Matteo Rieei,1552—1610年)获准留居北京,以其天文、地理方面的才学能力,破例享受到朝廷颁发的俸禄。利玛窦在北京大力传播西方,介绍西方地理、数学、天文等方面的近代科学知识,成为“西学东渐”的先驱。自利玛窦始,在中国出现了西学高潮。由利玛窦开创的西方天主教传教士合法居住北京的惯例,一直延续到清道光十七年(1837年)。
Twenty-nine years of the Ming Shenzong Wanli (1601) Matteo Rieei (1552-1610), a Jesuit missionary in Italy, was allowed to reside in Beijing. With his astronomy and geography ability to learn, he was exempted from court salaries . Ricci vigorously spreads the West in Beijing, introducing modern scientific knowledge in Western geography, mathematics and astronomy, becoming a pioneer of “learning from west to east.” Since the beginning of Ricci, there appeared a climax of Western learning in China. The custom of a Western Catholic missionary founded by Matteo Ricci to live in Beijing has been extended to the Qing dynasty for 17 years (1837).