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Objective: We studied the expression of cyclin B1 and survivin in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the relationship between such expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC. Methods: One hundred cases of tissue specimen including NSCLC, neighboring noncancerous tissue and normal lung tissue were collected at random. These specimens were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Results: The expression of cyclin B1 and survivin showed significant difference (P < 0.01) between NSCLC tissues, proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues, and normal lung tissues. Compared with normal lung tissues, there was an overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin in NSCLC and an enhancing expression of cyclin B1 and survivin in proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues. Significantly positive correlation was found between the overexpression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in 100 NSCLC cases (P < 0.01). The significantly positive correlation was also found between the enhancing expression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues (P 0.05) in NSCLC. Statistical significance was marked between different clinical stages of NSCLC and the expression of cyclin B1 and survivin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin was found in NSCLC. The expression of cyclin B1 and survivin might be up-regulated during an early step of tumorigenesis and during the development of NSCLC. The progression of cell cycle could be efficiently connected with the control of apoptosis by the interrelations between the overexpression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in NSCLC during the G2/M phase. The overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin might be used as marker in showing the dividing and proliferating ability, and the inhibiting apoptosis ability (lengthening cell lifespan) of NSCLC. Moreover, the overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin was associated with the clinic stages of NSCLC.