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职业教育在现代工业社会中,对个人技能提高和国民经济发展具有重要作用。然而我国占职业教育主体的中等职业教育自转型时期以来一直处于边缘地位,并没有为国家的现代化提供强大的动力。本文基于一所县级职业高中的田野材料,试图把职业学校面临的招生升学和培训实习的困境置于宏观的历史制度背景和微观的学校运作机制中,分析其所处的教育体系和经济结构发生了哪些结构性的变迁,逐步形塑了当下的办学困境。作者认为职业高中在目前并未为学生提供一条不同于高等升学的职业道路,也未培养出适应于企业生产的技术工人,而是在地方承担起管理大量“学困生”的任务,以致学校既不以升学为重心,也不以培训为重心,越发陷入以“安全管理”为重心的异化境地。
Vocational education plays an important role in improving personal skills and national economic development in modern industrial society. However, secondary vocational education, the main body of vocational education in our country, has been marginalized since the transitional period and has not provided a powerful impetus to the modernization of our country. Based on the field materials of a county-level vocational high school, this article tries to put the predicament of enrollment promotion and training practice confronting vocational schools in macro-historical institutional background and microscopic school operation mechanism, and analyzes the education system and economic structure What happened structural changes, and gradually shape the current school dilemma. The author thinks that vocational high schools do not provide students with a vocational career different from advanced education at present and have not cultivated skilled workers who adapt to the production of enterprises. Instead, they assume the task of managing a large number of “ As a result, schools are neither focusing on furthering their education nor focusing on training. They are increasingly caught up in the alienation situation with ”safety management " as the center of gravity.