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子粒破碎率是评价玉米子粒机械收获质量的重要指标。2011-2016年在全国16省(市、区)194个地块开展子粒机械收获质量测试,对获取的2450组样本数据的统计表明,当前玉米子粒机械收获破碎率均值为8.56%,高于国标[“玉米收获机械技术条件”(GB/T 21961-2008)]≤5%的要求,破碎率偏高是我国玉米子粒机械收获存在的主要质量问题。破碎率与收获时玉米子粒含水率呈极显著正相关,2450组样本子粒含水率平均值达到26.65%,两者呈二次多项式关系,水分偏高是导致当前我国玉米子粒收获破碎率高的主要原因;不同收获机械及其作业对子粒破碎率也会产生显著影响;此外,玉米生育和收获期间生态环境因素、栽培措施对破碎率也有影响。培育早熟、脱水速率快、收获期含水率低及抗破碎性好的品种,研发推广破碎率低的收获机械和选择最佳收获期收获是解决破碎率高的主要措施,而在收获时根据玉米生长、成熟和子粒水分状况及时检查与调试收获机械参数也有助于降低破碎率。
The rate of particle breakage is an important indicator to evaluate the mechanical harvesting quality of maize seeds. From 2011 to 2016, the quality test of grain mechanical harvesting was carried out in 194 plots of 16 provinces (cities and districts) across the country. The statistics of 2450 sample data obtained from the survey showed that the mean crushing rate of maize grain mechanical harvesting was 8.56% Maize harvesting machinery technical conditions "(GB / T 21961-2008)] ≤ 5% of the request, high broken rate is the main quality problems of maize grain mechanical harvesting in China. There was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of broken grains and the moisture content of maize grains at harvest. The average grain moisture content of 2450 samples reached 26.65%. The relationship between them was quadratic polynomial. The higher water content resulted in the higher rate of maize grain harvesting Reasons; different harvesting machinery and operations on the grain crushing rate will have a significant impact; In addition, corn growth and harvest during the ecological factors, cultivation measures also have an impact on the rate of fragmentation. Cultivation of early maturity, fast dehydration rate, low moisture content at harvest and resistance to crushing varieties, research and development to promote the low rate of broken harvesting machinery and choose the best harvest harvest is the main measure to solve the high rate of broken, and at harvest time based on corn Growth, Mature, and Moisture Status Checks and Commissioning Harvesting Mechanical parameters also help to reduce the rate of breakage.