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在下列情况下进行了雪的力学特性研究:温度-10℃,单轴张力下雪块滑动的速度范围6.8×10~(-8)至3.1×10~(-4)米·秒~(-1),雪的密度240—470公斤·米~(-3)。从阻力—变形曲线发现,雪以两种不同的方式变形,即分别以高应变率和低应变率进行的脆性变形和延性变形。已经发现,区分两种变形模式的临界应变率取决于雪的密度。在延性变形的情况下,出现许多贯穿整个雪样的小裂隙。用制备的薄切片观察它们的特点,并且将它们和山坡上自然积雪中形成的小裂隙进行比较。已经发现,雪的最大强度取决于应变率:在应变率高于10~(-5)秒~(-1)左右时,最大强度随应变率下降而增加,但应变率低于10~(-5)秒~(-1)时,最大强度却随应变率下降而降低。
The mechanical properties of snow were studied under the following conditions: the velocity of snow sliding under uniaxial tension ranged from 6.8 × 10 ~ (-8) to 3.1 × 10 ~ (-4) m · s ~ (- 1), snow density 240-470 kg · m ~ (-3). From the resistance-deformation curve, snow was deformed in two different ways: brittle and ductile deformation at high and low strain rates, respectively. It has been found that the critical strain rate that differentiates between two deformation modes depends on the snow density. In the case of ductile deformation, there are many small cracks throughout the snow-like. The prepared thin sections were observed for their characteristics and compared with small cracks formed in the natural snow on the hillsides. It has been found that the maximum intensity of snow depends on the strain rate: at a strain rate higher than about 10-5 seconds -1, the maximum strength increases with decreasing strain rate but the strain rate is less than 10% 5) seconds ~ (-1), the maximum intensity decreases with decreasing strain rate.