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经由明治日本的媒介,晚清首届驻日使臣成为较早获知卢梭学说的中国人,本文论述其在旅日期间的相关情形,以考察中国人初识卢梭学说时的历史情境。诸使臣多与日本旧学人士来往,其对西洋事物的认知,大抵不脱中体西用之范畴。时值日本自由民权运动兴起,黄遵宪诸人以此契机得以了解卢梭学说等西洋民主思想,然其对自由民权所表现出的抵触态度,以及对君臣纲纪的维护,亦反映了传统观念的印迹。在明治日本的西学氛围中,使臣们对外洋史事多有所知,本文亦通过对其交游、阅读的考察,从知识摄取一面,分析其接触卢梭学说的可能途径。
Through the Meiji Japan media, the first envoy to Japan in the late Qing Dynasty became a Chinese who was informed of Rousseau’s theory earlier. This article discusses the relevant situations during his stay in Japan in order to examine the historical situation when the Chinese first discovered the Rousseau doctrine. Most of the envoys traveled with older scholars in Japan and their knowledge of the Western things was probably not beyond the scope of the Western ones. When the liberation of civil rights movement in Japan was on the rise, Huang Zunxian adopted the opportunity to understand Rousseau’s theory of Western democracy. However, its resistance to freedom and civil rights, as well as the maintenance of the monarchy, also reflected the imprint of traditional concepts. In Meiji Japan’s western learning atmosphere, the envoys knew a great deal about the history of the outside world. The article also explored the possible ways of contacting Rousseau’s doctrine by investigating his friendship and reading.