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胸腔积液按性质可分为漏出液、渗出液、血胸、脓胸等。其主要是由结核和肺癌引起。我国常见的3种胸腔渗出液为结核性、肺炎并发胸膜炎、癌性。结核性胸液几乎为渗出液,呈浆液性或血性,少数为脓胸。可以认为,结核性胸液的诊断主要是从渗出液中与肺炎并发胸膜炎及恶性肿瘤鉴别出来。常规检查不能确诊,病原学检查阳性率低,故无创快捷敏感特异的方法正为寻求,近年报道的一些方法对诊断有一定帮助,综述如下供参考。
Pleural effusion by nature can be divided into leakage of fluid, exudate, hemothorax, empyema and so on. It is mainly caused by tuberculosis and lung cancer. My common three kinds of pleural exudate tuberculosis, pneumonia complicated with pleurisy, cancer. Tuberculous pleurisy almost exudate, was serous or bloody, a small number of empyema. It can be considered that the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion is mainly from the effusion with pneumonia complicated by pleurisy and malignant tumors identified. Routine examination can not be confirmed, the positive rate of etiological examination is low, so non-invasive quick sensitive specific method is seeking, some of the methods reported in recent years have some help on the diagnosis, reviewed below for reference.