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在温室盆栽条件下 ,以 2个不同蛋白质含量的冬小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)品种皖麦 38和扬麦9为材料 ,研究了花后第 4天开始的土壤干旱 (SR WC =45 %～ 5 0 % )和渍水对籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累关键调控酶活性的影响。小麦叶片和籽粒的测定结果均表明 ,小麦源库器官中籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累的关键调控酶活性变化趋势在 2个品种间基本一致。与对照 (SRWC =75 %～ 80 % )相比 ,干旱和渍水均明显降低了花后旗叶中蔗糖含量和磷酸蔗糖合成酶 (SPS)活性 ,而氨基酸含量和谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS)活性略有下降。干旱和渍水均降低了籽粒库蔗糖合成酶 (SS)和结合态淀粉合成酶 (GBSS)活性 ,可溶性淀粉合成酶 (SSS)活性降低尤甚。其中干旱处理下SS的下降比渍水更为明显。与对照相比 ,渍水明显降低了籽粒谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)和GS活性 ,而干旱的影响较小。相关性分析结果表明籽粒淀粉产量和含量与SPS ,SSS和GBSS活性的关系比与SS活性的关系更为密切 ,籽粒蛋白质产量和含量与叶中GS和籽粒中GPT活性的关系比与籽粒中GS关系活性更为密切。这些结果表明小麦源库器官中调控籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累的关键酶活性变化是花后不同水分状况影响籽粒淀粉和蛋白质特性的重要因素。
Two greenhouse wheat cultivars, Triticum aestivum L., Wanmai 38 and Yangmai 9, were used to study soil drought (SR WC = 45% ~ 50% ) And waterlogging on the key regulatory enzymes of grain protein and starch accumulation. The results of wheat leaf and grain all showed that the trend of the key regulatory enzyme activities of grain protein and starch accumulation in wheat source and sink organs was basically the same among the two varieties. Compared with the control (SRWC = 75% -80%), both drought and waterlogging significantly reduced the content of sucrose and the activity of SPS (sucrose synthase) in post-anthesis flag leaves, while the contents of amino acids and glutamine synthetase ) Activity decreased slightly. Both drought and waterlogging reduced the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and bound starch synthase (GBSS) in the grain bank, and the activity of soluble starch synthase (SSS) was especially decreased. Among them, the decline of SS under drought was more obvious than that of waterlogging. Compared with the control, waterlogging significantly reduced the activity of grain alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and GS, but the effect of drought was less. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between grain starch yield and content and the activities of SPS, SSS and GBSS was more closely related to the activity of SS. The correlation between grain protein yield and content and the activity of GS and GPT in leaves was similar to that of GS Relationship activity more closely. These results indicate that changes in the key enzyme activities that regulate grain protein accumulation and starch accumulation in wheat source organs are important factors that affect the starch and protein characteristics of grain after anthesis at different post-anthesis water regimes.