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脑卒中是神经科常见病,也是最常见致死致残病之一,临床报道与实验研究屡见不鲜,但在遗传学研究方面的专题报告尚不多见。本文拟介绍国外关于脑卒中研究的“宏观”(流行病学研究等)与“微观”(分子遗传学技术)两个方面的重点问题,供读者参考。一、脑卒中的危险因素众所周知,脑卒中的危险因素主要有:高血压、脂代谢异常、糖尿病、心脏病、血凝固缺陷、纤维蛋白原浓度、吸烟、高龄等。上述诸因素中大多是患者自身有合成的内因,表现为高血脂和高血压,同时兼有较强的外因,如吸烟等所致。Hunt等(1989)研究一组遗传与环境因素在决定血压、血脂含量和体胖指数(body mass index)方面的结果,包括300名双胞胎和1100名健康成人,发现遗传基础在危险因素方面要比环境因索的影响大得多。
Stroke is one of the most common neurological diseases and one of the most common causes of death and disability. Clinical reports and experimental studies are not uncommon but special reports on genetics are rare. This article intends to introduce the foreign focus on the “macro” (epidemiological research) and “micro” (molecular genetics) aspects of stroke research for readers’ reference. First, the risk factors for stroke As we all know, the risk factors for stroke are: hypertension, abnormal lipid metabolism, diabetes, heart disease, blood coagulation defects, fibrinogen concentration, smoking, seniority and so on. Most of these factors are patients with their own internal causes of synthesis, manifested as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, both strong external causes, such as smoking caused. Hunt et al. (1989) studied the results of a group of genetic and environmental factors in determining blood pressure, lipid profile, and body mass index, including 300 twins and 1,100 healthy adults and found that the genetic basis was higher in terms of risk factors The impact of environmental factors is much greater.