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为研究玉米品种氮利用效率相关性状的遗传参数,本试验选择20个具不同氮利用效率的单交种在华北平原的2个地点同期进行试验,氮肥处理设高氮(施氮,折合纯氮225 kg/hm2)和低氮(不施氮,其地块经过连续2年耕种使氮素耗竭)2个水平。试验结果表明,供试品种在低氮水平下的平均产量比高氮降低了22.6%,从8.45 t/hm2降低到6.45 t/hm2,穗粒数减少幅度较大为17.12%;而千粒重、出籽率、干物质含量、株穗率、籽粒含油率、籽粒蛋白质和淀粉含量在2个氮水平下的平均表现相近。2个试验点的联合方差分析表明,以上大部分籽粒性状的遗传方差在2个氮水平下均达到显著水平;所有性状的基因型×氮的互作方差都不显著。在2种氮水平下,籽粒淀粉含量与籽粒含油率及籽粒蛋白质含量间都表现出显著负相关,籽粒含油率与蛋白质含量表现出较弱的正相关。高氮和低氮水平下的产量表型相关系数为0.759,表明可以在高氮水平进行氮高效品种的筛选。
In order to study genetic parameters of traits related to nitrogen use efficiency of maize cultivars, 20 single crosses with different nitrogen use efficiency were selected to test in two locations in North China Plain in the same period. Nitrogen fertilization was conducted with high nitrogen (nitrogen, equivalent to pure nitrogen 225 kg / hm2) and low nitrogen (nitrogen is not applied, the two years after continuous cultivation of the plot nitrogen depletion) 2 levels. The results showed that the average yield of tested cultivars at low nitrogen level decreased 22.6%, from 8.45 t / hm2 to 6.45 t / hm2, and the decrease of grains per spike was 17.12% The average performance of the two nitrogen levels was similar in terms of seed rate, dry matter content, panicle spike rate, kernel oil content, grain protein content and starch content. The joint variance analysis of two test sites showed that the genetic variance of most of the grain traits above the two nitrogen levels reached a significant level; all traits genotype × nitrogen interaction variances were not significant. Under the two nitrogen levels, there was a significant negative correlation between grain starch content and grain oil content and grain protein content, and grain oil content showed a weak positive correlation with protein content. The phenotypic correlation coefficient of yield was 0.759 at high nitrogen and low nitrogen levels, indicating that nitrogen efficient varieties could be screened at high nitrogen level.