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趋化因子可分为4个亚家族,其中 C-C 家族的成员最多。不同家族的趋化因子具有不同的结构及功能特点。趋化因子受体属于 G 蛋白偶联受体超家族,是一含有7个疏水性穿膜区段的单链受体。大多数趋化因子受体能结合同一个亚家族中的多个成员。DC 表达高水平 CCR1、CCR2和 CCR5,以及 CXCR1、CXCR2和 CXCR4,这些受体通过结合相应的趋化因子诱导 DC 的趋化反应,在 DC 的迁移过程中起重要作用。DC 表达的趋化因子主要包括 MIP-1α、MIP-1β、MIP-3β等,不同组织来源及功能状态的 DC 表达的趋化因子不尽相同。DC 通过分泌趋化因子,参与调节其它免疫细胞的趋化作用。DC 表达的 CXCR4、CCR3和 CCR5等趋化因子受体与 HIV 进入DC 有关。
Chemokines can be divided into four subfamilies, of which the C-C family has the largest number of members. Different families of chemokines have different structural and functional characteristics. Chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are single-stranded receptors containing seven hydrophobic transmembrane segments. Most chemokine receptors can bind multiple members of the same subfamily. DCs express high levels of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5, as well as CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCR4, and these receptors play an important role in the migration of DC by inducing DC chemotactic responses by binding to the corresponding chemokines. The chemokines expressed by DCs mainly include MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3β, etc. The expression of chemokines in different tissues origin and function state are different. DC through the secretion of chemokines, involved in regulating the chemotaxis of other immune cells. DC expression of CXCR4, CCR3 and CCR5 and other chemokine receptors and HIV into the DC.