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目的研究近年来怀远县疟疾疫情回升的流行因素和特征,评价防治效果,为制定防治措施提供依据。方法收集有关资料进行分析,对抽样病例作现场流行病学调查,并对人群防蚊措施和疟疾传播媒介进行现场监测。结果1995~1999年年发病率在2/10万以下。2000年起疟疾疫情迅速上升,2003年为高峰,发病率为189.54/10万,此后逐年下降,2007年比2003年下降了74.04%。饲养大牲畜头数年平均下降33.62%。2000~2006年,5~10月月平均气温24.10℃。主要防蚊措施为蚊帐,人均使用率为38.98%。媒介抗药性测定:0.01%氟氯氰菊酯、0.025%溴氰菊酯实验组与对照组差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。疟疾病人及时抗疟治疗率为2.97%,复发率为2.61%。流行季节由6~9月延长为9~11月。结论造成疟疾疫情上升的原因有气候变暖、传播媒介屏障减少、人群防护行为水平低、杀虫剂效果不确定、病例及时诊断和治疗率低等。以控制传染源为主的综合性控制措施对疫情控制有较好的效果。
Objective To study the epidemic factors and characteristics of malaria epidemic recovery in Huaiyuan County in recent years, evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment, and provide evidence for the establishment of prevention and control measures. Methods The data were collected and analyzed, the epidemiological investigation was conducted on the sampled cases, and the crowd anti-mosquito measures and the malaria transmission media were monitored on site. Results The annual incidence in 1995-1999 was below 2 / 100,000. The incidence of malaria increased rapidly from 2000 to 2003, with a peak incidence of 189.54 / 100000. Since then, the incidence of malaria has dropped year by year, dropping by 74.04% in 2007 compared with 2003. The first few years of raising large livestock dropped an average of 33.62%. From 2000 to 2006, the monthly mean temperature from May to October was 24.10 ℃. The main anti-mosquito measures for mosquito nets, per capita usage was 38.98%. Median drug resistance determination: 0.01% cyfluthrin, 0.025% deltamethrin in the experimental group and the control group showed no significant difference (P> 0.05). Malaria patients timely anti-malaria treatment rate was 2.97%, the recurrence rate was 2.61%. The popular season was extended from September to November from June to September. Conclusions The causes of malaria epidemic are as follows: climate warming, reduction of vector barriers, low level of population protection, uncertain effect of pesticides, timely diagnosis and treatment of cases. Comprehensive control measures to control the source of infection have a good effect on the control of the epidemic.