全面禁食野生动物的法理基础与制度构建

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面对新冠疫情全球蔓延,第十三届全国人大常委会第十六次会议表决通过了全面禁食野生动物的决定.全面禁食野生动物的决定主要建立在公共安全与生命伦理两大法理基础之上:前者侧重于社会整体利益的维护与风险规制,是一个功利性标准;而后者则侧重于对生命的尊重和人与自然和谐关系的维护,主要为伦理性标准.现实中,对“野生动物”概念范畴的理解存在主观说与客观说两大识别标准,并存在广义、中义和狭义三大外延界定标准,此次禁食野生动物的决定在现有法律框架下,尽最大程度拓展了禁食的野生动物范畴.为推动全面禁食野生动物制度的实践展开,应当通过构建可食用动物“白名单”制度的形式,进一步明晰、理清禁食的野生动物范畴,同时确保实现公共卫生风险的有效防控与合法养殖户的利益维护两大目标.
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