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目的 研究亳州市城区新生儿接种乙型肝炎 (以下简称乙肝 )疫苗免疫效果及影响因素。方法 血清学检测和流行病学调查相结合。结果 1994～ 2 0 0 0年新生儿乙肝疫苗 7年平均接种率达 91.80 % ;新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫成功率达 96 .0 0 %。 1～ 7岁组儿童抗 -HBs阳性率达到 94 .0 0 % ,较实行计划免疫前 8.5 7%明显升高。接种儿童较未接种的同年龄组儿童HBsAg阳性率下降 70 .5 4 % ,抗 -HBc下降 83.82 % ;实施计划免疫前 ,目标人群乙肝发病率 (12 1.72 / 10万 )较实施后的同年龄组儿童乙肝发病率 (2 0 .2 8/ 10万 )下降了 83.34%。结论 影响新生儿乙肝疫苗接种的重要因素有 :儿童家长对乙肝的认识程度、受教育水平、儿童的出生场所等。
Objective To study the immunization effect and influencing factors of hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) vaccination in neonates in Bozhou city. Methods Serological tests were combined with epidemiological investigations. Results The average vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine in newborns from 1994 to 2000 was 91.80%. The success rate of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination was 96.0%. The positive rate of anti-HBs in children aged 1 to 7 years reached 94.0%, which was significantly higher than 8.57% before the scheduled immunization. The positive rate of HBsAg in vaccinated children was decreased by 70.54% and that of anti-HBc was 83.82% in children of the same age without vaccination. Before the implementation of planned immunization, the incidence rate of hepatitis B in target population was 12.172 / 100,000 compared with the same age The incidence of hepatitis B in the children decreased by 83.34% (20.88 / 100000). Conclusions The important factors influencing newborns’ hepatitis B vaccination are: the awareness of children’s parents about hepatitis B, the level of education, the place of birth of children and so on.