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目的通过了解在铜冶炼过程中,作业场所中存在的主要职业危害因素及其对作业人员健康的影响,找出职业病危害因素的关键控制点。方法采样现场职业卫生学调查和作业场所中职业病危害因素监测的方法,分析职业危害状况;采用生物样品检测方法分析作业工人血铅、血镉、尿砷浓度;采用SPSS 16.0、Excel 2003软件进行数据处理与统计分析。结果重金属(铜、铅、镉、砷)危害主要集中在熔炼车间,二氧化硫分布较广,熔炼车间铜合格率为100%,镉的合格率为97.2%,铅的合格率为76.4%,砷的合格率为70.8%,二氧化硫的合格率为98.6%。整体年龄、工龄与血镉、血铅、尿砷的相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。结论闪速炉工段为整个熔炼过程中职业病危害因素的关键控制点,电解车间阳极泥地坑为砷化氢的关键控制点。铅、镉、砷在职工体内蓄积均不明显。
Objective To understand the main occupational hazards that exist in the workplace and their effects on the health of workers during the process of copper smelting and find out the key control points of occupational hazards. Methods The samples were collected for occupational hygiene investigation and workplace occupational hazards and the occupational hazards were analyzed. The blood lead, blood cadmium and urine arsenic concentrations were analyzed by biological samples. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 Processing and statistical analysis. Results The hazards of heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium and arsenic) were mainly concentrated in the smelting workshop with wide distribution of SO2. The passing rate of copper in the melting workshop was 100%, the passing rate of cadmium was 97.2%, the passing rate of lead was 76.4% Pass rate of 70.8%, sulfur dioxide pass rate of 98.6%. The overall age, length of service and blood cadmium, blood lead, urine arsenic were not significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion The flash furnace section is the key control point of the occupational hazards in the whole smelting process. The anode mud pit in the electrolysis plant is the key control point of arsine. Lead, cadmium, arsenic accumulated in the body of workers were not obvious.