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近几年已发表了很多有关细菌对抗生素耐药机理方面的论著,本文不拟把这些资料进行全面归纳,而是着重报道β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药生化机理,同时介绍涉及其它药物的耐药机理,并将从评述耐药性遗传学谈起。其余更详尽的情况请阅Bryan(1982)的文章。一、耐药性的遗传学“内在耐药性”术语一般指多数细菌对药物固有的耐药性。当使用抗菌药物时,一般细菌耐药性相当明显;换句话讲,细菌本身很可能就存在这种耐药机理。例如:最近新合成的多种β-内酰胺能诱导细菌产生β-内酰胺酶。又如:大肠杆菌中直径很小的膜孔蛋白OmpC(外膜蛋白)取代了OmpF膜孔蛋
In recent years has published a lot of bacteria on antibiotic resistance mechanism of the article, this article does not intend to fully summarize these data, but focused on the reported biochemical mechanism of β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics, while introducing Resistance mechanisms of other drugs, and will start with the review of drug resistance genetics. For further details, read Bryan (1982). First, resistance genetics “Internal resistance” term generally refers to the majority of bacteria inherent drug resistance. When using antimicrobial drugs, the general bacterial resistance is quite obvious; In other words, the bacteria itself is likely to exist in this mechanism of resistance. For example: A variety of newly synthesized β-lactams can induce bacteria to produce β-lactamase. Another example: Escherichia coli membrane pore protein OmpC (outer membrane protein) to replace OmpF membrane hole egg