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目的:掌握贵州省2007年度燃煤型病区地氟病病情现状、消长和发展趋势以及降氟措施落实进度及降氟设施使用管理情况,为制定燃煤污染型防治策略提供科学依据。方法:按照全国地氟病监测方案规定的方法和要求进行监测,选择了毕节市海子街镇坪山村、普定县补郎乡等堆村、普安县青山镇范家寨村作为监测点,调查监测县降氟改炉改灶措施落实进度、降氟炉灶使用情况;采集居民户室内空气,测定空气中含氟量;采集居民点主要食物,酸浸电极法测定含氟量;采集8~12周岁儿童尿样,离子选择电极法测定含氟量;以Dean氏法诊断8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况;抽查成人拍X片检查氟骨症。结果:在实施中央财政专项资金防治地氟病项目的毕节、普定县,完成改良炉灶91169户;3个监测点的室内空气含氟量均超过国家标准;玉米、辣椒含氟量普遍超过国家标准,玉米最高含氟量均值超过国家标准14倍,辣椒最高含氟量均质超过国家标准427倍;儿童尿氟值毕节坪山村、普定县等堆村超过标准1 mg/L;儿童氟斑牙检出率较高,其中普安县范家寨儿童氟斑牙检出率>90%;成人氟骨症检查率>50%,以I度居多。结论:2007年在实施防治地氟病项目的监测县防治措施落实进度有较大增长,但是病区室内空气和玉米、辣椒氟污染依然严重,仍需加强项目的落实和健康教育,才能使氟中毒病情得到有效控制。
OBJECTIVE: To grasp the status quo, growth and development trend of endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province in 2007 and the implementation progress of fluoride-reducing measures and the management of fluoride-reducing facilities, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for coal-burning pollution. Methods: According to the methods and requirements stipulated in the national monitoring program for earth-borne flu disease, Pingshan Village of Haizijijie Town in Bijie City, Bulun Village of Bulung Township in Puding County and Fanjiazhai Village of Qingshan Town in Pu’an County were selected as monitoring points to investigate Monitoring the county to reduce fluoride furnace to improve the stove to implement the progress of measures to reduce the use of fluoride stove; household indoor air collection, determination of fluoride content in the air; collection of residential food, acid dip electrode method for the determination of fluoride content; collected 8 to 12 Children aged children urine samples, ion-selective electrode method for the determination of fluoride content; Dean’s method of diagnosis of children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis prevalence; spot check X-ray examination of adult skeletal fluorosis. Results: 91,669 improved stoves were completed in Bijie and Puding counties with special fund for the prevention and treatment of earth-flu disease by the central government; the fluoride content in the indoor air of the three monitoring points exceeded the national standard; the fluorine content in corn and pepper generally exceeded that of the country Standard, the maximum average fluoride content of corn more than 14 times the national standard, the highest fluoride content of pepper homogenization 427 times the national standard; children urine fluoride Bijia Pingshan Village, Puding County and other heap more than the standard 1 mg / L; children fluorine A high detection rate of the teeth, including Pu’an Fanjiazhai children dental fluorosis detection rate> 90%; adult fluorosis examination rate> 50%, with I degree mostly. Conclusion: The implementation of prevention and control measures in monitoring counties with prevention and treatment of endemic fluorosis increased greatly in 2007, but the indoor air and the pollution of corn and chili fluoride in the ward are still serious. The implementation of the project and health education still need to be strengthened so that fluorine Poisoning conditions have been effectively controlled.