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急性胃肠炎主要表现为腹痛、呕吐、腹泻及发热等,病情轻重不一。输液常是主要治疗方法之一。正常胃肠腔内含有相当多的等渗液,频繁的呕吐与大量的腹泻会使此种液体丢失,造成等渗性脱水。等渗性脱水的临床表现为口渴、粘膜干燥、皮肤弹性差而血钠正常、尿量减少、比重正常。当急性胃肠炎的失钠大于失水,或给脱水病人补充水分而不补充钠时,则可造成低渗性脱水。低渗性脱水的特点是脱水体征明显,但因口渴中枢对失水比失钠更为敏感,所以口渴感不明显。这类病人尿量正常,血钠低于130mEq/dl。成人急性胃肠炎较少发生高渗性脱水。不同部位的胃肠腔内液,各种电解质的含量略有不同,其丢失所造成的电解质及酸碱紊乱自然也
Acute gastroenteritis mainly abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and fever, severity varies. Infusion is often one of the main treatments. Normal gastrointestinal lumen contains considerable isotonic fluid, frequent vomiting and large amounts of diarrhea will make this liquid is lost, resulting in isotonic dehydration. Isotonic dehydration clinical manifestations of thirst, mucous membranes dry, poor skin elasticity and normal sodium, decreased urine output, the proportion of normal. When acute gastroenteritis loss of sodium is greater than dehydration, or to dehydration patients with water supplementation without sodium, can cause hypotonic dehydration. Hypotonic dehydration is characterized by significant signs of dehydration, but the thirst center for water loss is more sensitive to sodium loss, so thirsty is not obvious. Such patients with normal urine output, serum sodium less than 130mEq / dl. Hypertonic dehydration is less common in adult acute gastroenteritis. Different parts of the gastrointestinal fluid, a variety of electrolytes slightly different content, the loss caused by electrolyte and acid-base disorders naturally