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目的了解北京市中学生不良饮食行为现况和相关影响因素,为青少年饮食教育的新模式提供数据依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在北京市抽取初中63所、高中74所、职业技术学校33所,共调查37 315名学生。使用“中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”对学生进行问卷调查,分析其与缺乏体力活动行为的相关性。结果有27.24%的受试生报告经常吃甜点;11.87%的受试者报告天天吃油炸食品;38.89%的学生报告自己有挑食、偏食行为;有17.55%的受试者过去1周内没吃过或仅吃过1次新鲜水果。多因素相关分析发现,缺乏体育锻炼、平均每天超过4 h看电视或上网均与不良饮食行为的发生相关。结论不良饮食行为已经成为北京市中学生的主要健康问题,并与缺乏体力活动行为密切相关。早期、多角度地开展青春期健康教育,是今后工作的重要方向。
Objective To understand the status of secondary school students’ bad eating behaviors and the related influential factors in Beijing, and provide the data basis for the new mode of adolescent diet education. Methods A total of 63 middle schools, 74 high schools and 33 vocational schools were sampled from 37 315 students in Beijing using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. Using the Questionnaire on Health-Related Behavior of Adolescents in China, we conducted a questionnaire survey on students and analyzed their association with the lack of physical activity. As a result, 27.24% of the students reported eating dessert regularly; 11.87% of the subjects reported eating fried foods everyday; 38.89% of students reported having picky eaters, partial eclipse behaviors; 17.55% Eaten or eaten only once a fresh fruit. Multivariate correlation analysis found that lack of physical exercise, an average of more than 4 h every day watching TV or the Internet are associated with the occurrence of unhealthy eating behavior. Conclusion Adverse dietary behaviors have become the major health problems for middle school students in Beijing and are closely related to the lack of physical activity. Early, multi-angle adolescent health education is an important direction for future work.