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边疆开发并非是中国特有的历史现象。在几乎与清代中国边疆开发的同一历史时期,美国有对其西部地区的开发,俄国有对西伯利亚地区的开发;在本世纪,日本有著名的北海道开发,巴西也对其富饶而贫困的西北部进行了大规模的开发。美国西部开发在各国边疆开发中最为引人注目,是人所公认的较为成功的边疆开发活动。基于此,我们拟就清代
Border development is not a historical phenomenon unique to China. Almost the same historical period as the development of China’s border areas in the Qing Dynasty saw the United States developing its western region and Russia’s development of the Siberia region. In this century, Japan is famous for its development of Hokkaido. Brazil is also responsible for its rich and poor northwest Ministry conducted a large-scale development. The development of the western region of the United States has attracted the most attention in the development of the border areas of various countries and is recognized as one of the more successful frontier development activities in the world. Based on this, we intend to Qing Dynasty