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目的分析孕妇孕早期和不同孕期被动吸烟对新生儿低出生体重的影响。方法通过Meta分析方法分析孕妇被动吸烟与新生儿低出生体重之间的关系。对NCBI、OVID-MEDLINE、CNKI、VIP以及CBM数据库进行检索(截止日期为2008年4月),结果报告合并OR值及95%CI。结果共获得26篇文献,其中队列研究20篇,病例对照研究6篇。总体分析,孕妇被动吸烟的合并效应值OR=1.65(95%CI:1.39～1.97);调整合并效应值OR=1.60(95%CI:1.25～2.05);最低和最高暴露量的合并效应值分别为OR=1.53(95%CI:1.14～2.04)和OR=2.53(95%CI:1.46～4.36);孕早期暴露的合并效应值OR=1.12(95%CI:0.82～1.55),没有统计学意义。结论孕妇被动吸烟增加新生儿低出生体重的危险性;孕中晚期可能是被动吸烟效应的敏感期;被动吸烟的阈值是否存在尚不明确。
Objective To analyze the effect of passive smoking during pregnancy in different stages of pregnancy on the low birth weight of newborns. Methods Meta-analysis was used to analyze the relationship between passive smoking in pregnant women and neonatal low birth weight. The NCBI, OVID-MEDLINE, CNKI, VIP, and CBM databases were searched (due date is April 2008) and the results reported a combined OR and 95% CI. Results A total of 26 articles were obtained, including 20 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies. Overall, the combined effect of passive smoking of pregnant women was OR = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.39-1.97); OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.25-2.05); the combined effects of lowest and highest exposure were OR = 1.53 (95% CI: 1.14-2.04) and OR = 2.53 (95% CI: 1.46-4.46). The combined effect of first trimester exposure was OR = 1.12 (95% CI: 0.82-1.55) significance. Conclusions Passive smoking in pregnant women increases the risk of low birth weight in newborns. It may be a sensitive period of passive smoking in the second trimester of pregnancy. Whether the passive smoking threshold exists is not yet clear.