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推进剂中的纳米材料主要是指利用纳米技术制造的具有纳米尺寸用于提高推进剂推进性能的材料,包括单一金属粉、复合金属粉、氧化物及稀土氧化物、碳纳米纤维与碳纳米管等,主要作为高能添加剂、燃烧催化剂、储能材料等。本文对推进剂中纳米材料的一般毒性、毒性靶器官、剂量-效应关系、国外航天领域对推进剂中纳米材料毒性的关注等方面进行了综述,对研究趋势和应对策略进行了展望,为更好地将纳米材料应用于推进剂领域及做好人员防护、环境治理提供参考。
Nanomaterials in propellants mainly refer to nano-sized materials with nano-scale for improving propulsion performance, including single metal powders, composite metal powders, oxides and rare earth oxides, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes Etc., mainly as a high-energy additives, combustion catalysts, energy storage materials. This review summarizes the general toxicity of nanomaterials in propellants, the target organ of toxicity, the dose-effect relationship, the concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials in propellants in the field of foreign spaceflight, and looks forward to the research trends and coping strategies. Good use of nano-materials in the field of propellants and personnel protection, environmental governance provide a reference.