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目的分析2004~2011年西安市流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征,为预测疾病发病趋势、预防和控制流行性腮腺炎提供科学依据。方法导出中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2004~2011年西安市流行性腮腺炎报告病例,应用Excel软件对数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 2004~2011年间累计报告流行性腮腺炎31 353例,年平均发病率为49.70/10万。2004~2007年西安市流行性腮腺炎的发病率逐年递减,而2007~2011年发病率呈上升趋势,且2011年西安市流行性腮腺炎发病率大幅度增高,达130.06/10万,为近8年发病率最高。发病高峰为4~7月和11月~次年1月。地区分布表现为城区发病率较高。其中雁塔区、莲湖区等发病率明显高于其他各区。男女发病率比较,男性明显高于女性。年龄组发病例数构成比较,0~15岁发病例数较多,且以5~10岁年龄组例数最多。发病例数职业分布以学生为主,学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童总病例占全市病例总数的91.91%。成人发病从2007年以前的以工人、农民、干部职员发病率较高过渡到2007年以后以农民为主。结论西安市流行性腮腺炎的发病率有上升趋势,易感人群较明确。为有效控制流行性腮腺炎的暴发和流行,主要控制措施为宣传教育、疫情监测和免疫预防,其中,以针对适龄儿童腮腺炎疫苗的接种为最有效的措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Xi’an from 2004 to 2011 and provide a scientific basis for predicting the trend of disease and preventing and controlling mumps. Methods The cases of mumps reported in Xi’an Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2004 to 2011 in Xi’an were analyzed. The data were analyzed descriptively using Excel software. Results A total of 31 353 cases of mumps were reported between 2004 and 2011, with an average annual incidence of 49.70 / 100,000. The incidence of mumps in Xi’an dropped year by year from 2004 to 2007, while the incidence in 2007-2011 showed an upward trend. In 2011, the incidence of mumps in Xi’an increased significantly to 130.06 / 8 years the highest incidence. The peak incidence of 4 to 7 months and November to January the following year. Regional distribution showed a higher incidence of urban areas. Including Yanta District, Lianhu District incidence was significantly higher than other districts. The incidence of men and women, men were significantly higher than women. The number of cases in the age group were compared, the number of cases from 0 to 15 years old was more, and the case group was the most from 5 to 10 years old. Occupational distribution of the number of cases to students, students, childcare and diaspora accounted for 91.91% of the total number of cases in the city. Adult morbidity from 2007 before the higher incidence of workers, peasants, cadres and staff transition to post-2007 mainly farmers. Conclusions The incidence of mumps in Xi’an has an upward trend, and the susceptible population is more clear. In order to effectively control the outbreak and epidemic of mumps, the main control measures are publicity and education, epidemic monitoring and immunoprophylaxis. Among them, immunization against the mumps vaccine for school-age children is the most effective measure.