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采用ABAQUS软件研究了2024铝合金薄板在聚氨酯橡胶支撑下的激光冲击成形过程,以及橡胶垫块的厚度、直径、硬度的改变对薄板成形所造成的影响,并对铝合金板材进行冲击成形的实验验证。研究结果表明:薄板成形后,变形的形状是半球形,其内部残余的Von Mises应力为453 MPa,而橡胶内残余的Von Mises应力为7 MPa;当橡胶厚度从1.5 mm增加到3 mm,薄板最大变形深度从0.89 mm增大到0.93 mm,厚度是3 mm的橡胶更有利于薄板的成形;薄板的成形结果与橡胶直径的改变无明显关联,但它随着橡胶的硬度变化而改变,当橡胶硬度从40 Shore A增大到70 Shore A,薄板的最大变形深度从1.04 mm减少到0.88 mm,硬度为40 Shore A的橡胶更有利于薄板的成形。模拟与实验结果具有良好的一致性。
ABAQUS software was used to study the laser shock forming process of 2024 aluminum alloy sheet supported by urethane rubber and the influence of the change of thickness, diameter and hardness of rubber pad on sheet forming. The impact forming experiment of aluminum alloy sheet verification. The results show that the deformed shape is hemispherical after the sheet is formed, the internal residual Von Mises stress is 453 MPa, while the residual Von Mises stress in the rubber is 7 MPa. When the rubber thickness increases from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, The maximum depth of deformation increases from 0.89 mm to 0.93 mm, and the thickness of 3 mm rubber is more conducive to sheet forming; sheet forming results are not significantly related to the change of rubber diameter, but it changes with the change of rubber hardness, Rubber hardness increased from 40 Shore A to 70 Shore A, the maximum depth of deformation of the sheet reduced from 1.04 mm to 0.88 mm, and a hardness of 40 Shore A rubber was more conducive to sheet forming. Simulation and experimental results have good consistency.