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目的调查北京市朝阳区流动人员洗手和咳嗽吐痰技能与行为现状。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取1 498名16~69岁的流动人员,进行洗手、咳嗽吐痰行为与技能现状调查。结果 26.37%的调查对象基本具备正确洗手技能。42.52%的调查对象饭前便后都洗手,饭前便后洗手行为的影响因素有性别、受教育程度、职业和是否具备正确洗手技能。调查对象具备正确的咳嗽行为和正确的吐痰行为的比例分别为31.84%和60.08%,咳嗽行为的影响因素有性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况和职业,吐痰行为的影响因素有性别、年龄、受教育程度和职业。结论流动人员的健康行为和技能掌握情况仍有待提高,需要针对重点人群和重点行为步骤开展有针对性的健康教育与健康促进工作。
Objective To investigate the current situation of hand-washing and cough-expectoration skills and behavior of migrants in Chaoyang District of Beijing. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to collect 1 498 migrant workers from 16 to 69 years old and investigate the behavior of hand washing, cough and spitting and their skills. Results 26.37% of the respondents basically have the correct hand-washing skills. 42.52% of the respondents wash their hands before and after meals, and the factors that influence the hand-washing behavior after a meal are gender, education level, occupation and whether they have the correct hand-washing skills. The proportion of respondents who had the correct cough behavior and the correct behavior of spitting were 31.84% and 60.08% respectively. The influencing factors of the cough behavior were sex, education level, marital status and occupation. The influencing factors of spitting behavior were gender, age , Education level and occupation. Conclusion The health behaviors and skills masters of migrant workers still need to be improved. There is a need to carry out targeted health education and health promotion work for key populations and key behavioral steps.