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十四世纪三十年代,由于元朝末期实行野蛮统治,加之战争灾祸,使农业人口大批逃亡,大批土地荒芜,社会经济遭到严重破坏,阶级矛盾十分尖锐。朱元璋参加过红巾军的农民起义,亲眼看到元朝覆灭的历史教训。他曾说:“天下初定,百姓财力俱困,譬如初飞之鸟,不可拔其羽,新植之木,不可摇其根,要在安息生养之”。因此在明王朝建立初期,针对当时社会经济情况,实行了移民垦荒、大兴水利、减轻赋税、赈济灾区、恢复手工业和商业等正确的政策和有力措
In the thirties of the 14 th century, due to the brutal rule in the late Yuan Dynasty and the scourge of war, the agricultural population fled in large numbers, the vast land was deserted, the social economy was seriously damaged, and the class contradictions were very sharp. Zhu Yuanzhang participated in the peasant uprising of the Red Army and witnessed the historical lessons of the fall of the Yuan Dynasty. He once said: "In the world, the financial resources of the people, such as the first-flight bird, can not be plucked. New planted wood can not be shaken. Therefore, in the early days of the Ming dynasty, in response to the social and economic conditions prevailing at that time, the government implemented the correct policies and measures such as reclamation of reclamation land, construction of Daxing water conservancy, reduction of taxes, disaster relief and recovery of handicrafts and commerce