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本研究以北京市南北中轴线上的11个样地为例,通过模拟他们的城市热岛效应,来探索城市规划指标和气候指标,如日最高和最低气温之间的关系。结果表明城市规划指标可以较好的解释样地之间的城市气候差异。例如,绿化覆盖率和容积率可以解释94.47-98.57%的日最高温度;绿化覆盖率和建筑高度能够解释98.94-99.12%的日最低温度。绿化覆盖率很可能是最重要的影响城市热环境的城市规划指标。而且绿地的降温效果随日平均温度的升高而增加。本研究的思路和结论可以供决策制定者和规划师在规划的初期阶段参考和应用,通过优化城市的生态机能,保证城市拥有舒适的气候环境,并适应将来的气候变化。
Taking 11 sample plots on the north-south axis of Beijing as an example, this study explores the relationship between urban planning indicators and climate indicators, such as the daily maximum and minimum temperature, by simulating their urban heat island effect. The results show that urban planning indicators can better explain the differences in urban climate between plots. For example, green coverage and volumetric rates can account for a daily maximum of 94.47-98.57%; green coverage and building height explain a daily minimum of 98.94-99.12%. Green coverage is most likely the most important urban planning indicator that affects the thermal environment of a city. And the cooling effect of green space increases with the average daily temperature. The ideas and conclusions of this study can be used by decision makers and planners for reference and application in the early stages of planning. By optimizing the ecological functions of the city, the city has a comfortable climate environment and adapts to future climate change.