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目前已知许多microRNA(miRNA)可以调节动物毛色及黑色素生成,但miR-100-5p调节黑色素的分子机制尚未完全了解.成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)是miR-100-5p的预测靶基因,萤光素酶报告基因检测结果表明,miR-100-5p通过与FGF21的3'非翻译区(3'UTR)结合来调节FGF21.在本研究中,用miR-100-5p过表达质粒和阴性对照质粒转染羊驼黑素细胞,结果表明,miR-100-5p过表达显著降低FGF21的mRNA和蛋白质表达.同时,抑制细胞外调控MAP激酶(extracellular regulated MAP kinase,ERK)信号通路,上调小眼畸形相关转录因子(microphthalmia-associated transcription factor,MITF)、酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(tyrosinase-related protein 2,TYRP2),从而增加了黑色素的产生.结果表明,miR-100-5p可能通过ERK信号通路靶向FGF21,从而调节黑色素生成.“,”Although many microRNAs(miRNAs)are known to function as regulators of coat color and melanogenesis,the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-100-5p governing melanogenesis were not completely known.The goal of this study was to determine the effect of miR-100-5p on melanogenesis in alpaca melanocytes.Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)is a predicted target gene of miR-100-5p and the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-100-5p regulates FGF21 by binding to its 3'untranslated region(3'UTR).In this study,alpaca melanocytes were transfected with miR-100-5p,inhibitor and negative control plasmid.Results showed that miR-100-5p overexpression significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of FGF21.Meanwhile,the ERK signal pathway was inhibited,with subsequent up-regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF),tyrosinase(TYR)and tyrosinase-related protein 2(TYRP2),which increased melanin production.The results suggest that miR-100-5p may regulate melanogenesis by targeting FGF21 via extracellular regulated MAP kinase(ERK)signaling pathway.