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牙槽黏连(ankylosis)指的是牙齿萌出过程的中断,此中断与物理屏障及牙齿的位置异常无关。文献[1]也称之为下沉(submergence)、低位(infraocclusion)、继发滞留(secondaryretention)。下沉是一个误称,因为患牙并非沉入牙槽窝内,只是患牙处在静止的滞留状态,而相邻牙齿的萌出和牙槽骨的生长还在继续。低位只是对临床状态的描述,易与牙列异常的低位相混淆。牙槽黏连是导致萌出停止的一个常见因素,虽然在临床和组织学上并非所有的病例都有牙槽黏连,但许多学者倾向称之为牙槽黏连。 乳磨牙牙槽黏连的流行病学 乳磨牙牙槽黏连常见于混合牙列期,患病率为1.3％～35％。Krakowaik发现牙槽黏连患病率在黑种儿童较低,为0.93％,在白种儿童较高,为4.10％。牙槽黏连与年龄有关,可早发于3岁,7～9岁时高发。Kurol报道在3～6岁组,女孩较男孩多发,在7～12岁组,则反之。乳牙多发于恒牙,以下颌第二乳磨牙最常见,少见于上颌第一乳磨牙,也有学者报道下颌第一乳磨牙高发。
Ankylosis refers to the interruption of the process of tooth eruption, which is not related to the physical barrier and the abnormal position of the tooth. Reference [1] is also called submergence, infraocclusion, secondary retention. Sinking is a misnomer because the affected tooth does not sink into the alveolar recess, but the affected tooth is at a standstill, while the eruption of adjacent teeth and alveolar bone growth continue. Low is only a description of the clinical status, easy to be confused with the low dentition abnormalities. Alveolar adhesions are a common cause of eruption stop, although not all cases of clinical and histological alveolar adhesions, but many scholars tend to call alveolar adhesions. The prevalence of deciduous alveolar adhesions The deciduous alveolar adhesions are common in mixed dentition, the prevalence is 1.3% ~ 35%. Krakowaik found that the prevalence of alveolar adhesions was low in black children, 0.93%, and in white children, 4.10%. Alveolar adhesions and age-related, can be as early as 3 years old, 7 to 9 years old when the high incidence. Kurol reported that in girls aged 3 to 6, girls were more frequent than boys, and in the age group of 7 to 12 years, the opposite was true. Frequent primary teeth in the permanent teeth, the second lowest molar molars is the most common, rare in the maxillary first molars, but also some scholars report the first mandibular molars high incidence.