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目的 评价大规模现场应用SRPⅢ型犬用吡喹酮缓释药棒预防人、畜包虫病的流行病学效果。方法 在新疆北部包虫病流行的农牧区有代表性的乡村 ,对 90 %以上的家犬皮下埋植吡喹酮缓释药棒 ,作为唯一的干预措施。以家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染率、小学新生血清抗体阳性率、7～ 16岁学生包虫病的患病率和 1岁龄绵羊包虫病患病率为指标 ,连续观察 4年 ,做出预防效果的评价。结果 家犬细粒棘球绦虫感染率实验前为 4 1 2 % ,埋植药棒后第二和第三年末均为零 ,第四年末为 2 98% ;小学新生血清抗体阳性率实验前为 4 1 2 3% ,以后逐年下降 ,至第四年末为 5 36 % ,同年对照区为 30 6 % ;7～ 16岁学生包虫病患病率实验前两个乡各为 1 6 9%和 1 89% ,三年后未检出新发患者 ;1岁龄绵羊包虫病患病率实验前为 4 4 77% ,第三年末为 10 6 6 % ,同期对照区为 4 6 38%。结论 SRPⅢ型犬用吡喹酮缓释药棒在家犬皮下埋植后的有效缓释时间可达 3年。流行病学监测结果证实以埋植这种药棒作为惟一的干预措施 ,在按规定的技术方案实施的条件下 ,可以完全控制人畜包虫病的传播。
Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effects of praziquantel sustained-release drug-eluting sticks on the prevention of human and hydatid disease in large-scale on-site SRP Ⅲ canines. Methods In the representative rural villages and autonomous regions in the endemic areas of echinococcosis in northern Xinjiang, praziquantel sustained-release drug rods were implanted subcutaneously in more than 90% of domestic dogs as the only intervention. The rate of echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs, the positive rate of primary antibody in primary school, the prevalence of echinococcosis in 7-16 years old and the prevalence of echinococcosis in 1-year-old sheep were taken as indexes to observe continuously for 4 years The prevention effect of the evaluation. Results The infection rate of Echinococcus granulosus in domestic dogs was 41.2% before the experiment and zero at the end of the second and the third year after implanting the drug rods. The positive rate of serum antibody in primary freshmen was 4 12.3%, and then dropped year by year to 53.6% by the end of the fourth year and 30 6% in the same year. The prevalence of hydatid disease among students aged 7-16 years was 169% The prevalence of echinococcosis in 1-year-old sheep was 44.77% before the experiment, 106.6% at the third year and 46.38% in the control area at the same period. Conclusion SRP Ⅲ canine praziquantel sustained-release drug sticks in dogs after subcutaneous implantation of effective release time up to 3 years. Epidemiological surveillance confirms that the implantation of this stick as the only intervention that has the full control over the transmission of hydatid disease between humans and humans under the conditions prescribed by the technical program.